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Estimation of enterococci input from bathers and animals on a recreational beach using camera images |
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| Authors: | John D Wang Helena M Solo-Gabriele Amir M Abdelzaher Lora E Fleming |
| Institution: | a Division of Applied Marine Physics, Rosenstiel School, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA b NSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, Rosenstiel School, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA c Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, 1251 Memorial Drive, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA d Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA |
| Abstract: | Enterococci, are used nationwide as a water quality indicator of marine recreational beaches. Prior research has demonstrated that enterococci inputs to the study beach site (located in Miami, FL) are dominated by non-point sources (including humans and animals). We have estimated their respective source functions by developing a counting methodology for individuals to better understand their non-point source load impacts. The method utilizes camera images of the beach taken at regular time intervals to determine the number of people and animal visitors. The developed method translates raw image counts for week days and weekend days into daily and monthly visitation rates. Enterococci source functions were computed from the observed number of unique individuals for average days of each month of the year, and from average load contributions for humans and for animals. Results indicate that dogs represent the larger source of enterococci relative to humans and birds. |
| Keywords: | Indicator microbe organism Enterococcus Recreational water quality Bather shedding Animal fecal load |
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