Effects of tributyltin at concentrations below ambient levels in seawater on Caprella danilevskii (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) |
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| Institution: | 1. Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran;2. Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi (Tarbiat Moallem) University, Tehran, Iran;1. CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Institute for Earth and Environmental Sciences of La Pampa (INCITAP, CONICET-UNLPam), Argentina, cc 300, 6300 Santa Rosa, Argentina;2. National University of La Pampa, Faculty of Agronomy (UNLPam), Argentina, cc 300, 6300 Santa Rosa, Argentina;3. National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA), Balcarce, Route 226 km 73.5, CP (7620) Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA), Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina;1. Microbiology and Biochemistry of Secondary Metabolites Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;2. Imaging and Instrumental Analysis Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;3. Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 904-0213, Japan;4. Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 904-0213, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Hatched juveniles of Caprella danilevskii (Crustacea: Amphipoda) were exposed to one of two concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) (1.1 and 10.7 ng TBT L?1) for 49 d at 20 °C. These concentrations are near or below ambient levels in seawater. In both treatments and control, the survival rate was 100% at maturation, and >85% at the end of the experiments. Females reached maturation at 20 (median) to 21.5 d at instar VII, and repeated spawning 4–5 times during the experiment. The total number of juveniles per female decreased significantly from 39.5 in the control to 24.5 and 17.5 in 1.1 ng L?1 and 10.7 ng L?1 treatments, respectively. An earlier study reported that as the TBT concentration in seawater increased from a 0–10 ng L?1 regime to a 10–20 ng L?1 regime, the number of stations where Caprella spp. could be collected decreased along the coast of the Seto Inland Sea, of Japan. Thus, the present study indicates the possibility that the extremely low concentration of TBT measured in Japanese waters after 2000 lead to a reduction in reproductive success of Caprella spp. |
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