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Organic micropollutants in marine plastics debris from the open ocean and remote and urban beaches |
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| Authors: | Hirai Hisashi Takada Hideshige Ogata Yuko Yamashita Rei Mizukawa Kaoruko Saha Mahua Kwan Charita Moore Charles Gray Holly Laursen Duane Zettler Erik R Farrington John W Reddy Christopher M Peacock Emily E Ward Marc W |
| Institution: | a Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan b Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of Philippines, Philippines c Algalita Marine Research Foundation, CA, USA d SEA Education Association, MA, USA e Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA f Sea Turtles Forever, OR, USA |
| Abstract: | To understand the spatial variation in concentrations and compositions of organic micropollutants in marine plastic debris and their sources, we analyzed plastic fragments (∼10 mm) from the open ocean and from remote and urban beaches. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alkylphenols and bisphenol A were detected in the fragments at concentrations from 1 to 10,000 ng/g. Concentrations showed large piece-to-piece variability. Hydrophobic organic compounds such as PCBs and PAHs were sorbed from seawater to the plastic fragments. PCBs are most probably derived from legacy pollution. PAHs showed a petrogenic signature, suggesting the sorption of PAHs from oil slicks. Nonylphenol, bisphenol A, and PBDEs came mainly from additives and were detected at high concentrations in some fragments both from remote and urban beaches and the open ocean. |
| Keywords: | Plastic fragment International Pellet Watch PCBs PBDEs Nonylphenol PAHs |
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