Occurrence,distribution and partitioning of nonionic surfactants and pharmaceuticals in the urbanized Long Island Sound Estuary (NY) |
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| Authors: | Pablo A Lara-Martín Eduardo González-Mazo Mira Petrovic Damià Barceló Bruce J Brownawell |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real 11510, Spain;2. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794-5000, NY, United States;3. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain;4. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain;5. Water and Soil Quality Research group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | This work deals with the environmental distribution of nonionic surfactants (nonylphenol and alcohol ethoxylates), their metabolites (NP, nonylphenol; NPEC, nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates; and PEG, polyethylene glycols) and a selection of 64 pharmaceuticals in the Long Island Sound (LIS) Estuary which receives important sewage discharges from New York City (NYC). Most target compounds were efficiently removed (>95%) in one wastewater treatment plant monitored, with the exception of NPEC and some specific drugs (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide). Concentrations of surfactants (1.4–4.5 μg L−1) and pharmaceuticals (0.1–0.3 μg L−1) in seawater were influenced by tides and sampling depth, consistent with salinity differences. Surfactants levels in suspended solids samples were higher than 1 μg g−1, whereas only most hydrophobic or positively charged pharmaceuticals could be found (e.g., tamoxifen, clarithromycin). Maximum levels of target compounds in LIS sediments (PEG at highest concentrations, 2.8 μg g−1) were measured nearest NYC, sharply decreasing with distance from major sewage inputs. |
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| Keywords: | Surfactants Pharmaceuticals Seawater Wastewater Sediments Tide |
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