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Plankton community as an indicator of water quality in tropical shrimp culture ponds
Authors:Casé Maristela  Leça Enide Eskinazi  Leitão Sigrid Neumann  Sant Anna Eneida Eskinazi  Schwamborn Ralf  de Moraes Junior Antônio Travassos
Institution:a Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Paulo Afonso, Brazil
b Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
c Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50.730-540 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
d Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
e Department of Animal Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Alten Hafen 26, D-27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
f Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Abstract:The plankton was examined as an indicator of water quality in 14 shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei farms in Brazil in 2003. The ponds were categorized by high stocking density (>30 PL m−2) of phytoplankton, consisting of 51 species with concentrations ranging from 365,218 ± 416,615 cells mL−1 to 1,961,675 ± 3,160,172 cells mL−1. Diatoms contributed to almost 70% of the species number and high densities resulted from Cyanophyta blooms, mainly Pseudanabaena cf limnetica. Forty zooplankton taxa were registered and were essentially composed of typical marine euryhaline species and suspension-feeders. Copepoda dominated (45%) the make-up, followed by Protozoa (18%), Rotifera (12%), and Mollusca (12%) larvae. Zooplankton varied from 972 ± 209 ind m−3 to 4235 ± 2877 ind m−3. Enhanced nutrient input affected plankton density and composition. Diatom and Copepoda dominance was replaced by cyanobacteria, protozoan, and rotifers as nutrient concentrations increased with the cultured period, indicating that plankton structure is affected by eutrophic conditions.
Keywords:Phytoplankton  Zooplankton  Aquaculture  Shrimp ponds  Litopenaeus vannamei  Brazil
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