Tephra isochrons and chronologies of colonisation |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Archaeology, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 10, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland;2. Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, Scotland, UK;1. Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;2. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;3. Sprigg Geobiology Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;4. Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia;5. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia;1. Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, UK;2. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK;3. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK;4. School of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;5. Institute of Geography Education, University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany;1. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;3. Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand;4. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100029, China;1. Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK;2. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK;3. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada;4. Omagh Minerals Ltd, 56 Botera Upper Rd., Omagh, BT78 5LH, UK;5. Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78705, USA;1. School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;2. Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK;3. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK |
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| Abstract: | This paper demonstrates the use of tephrochronology in dating the earliest archaeological evidence for the settlement of Iceland. This island was one of the last places on Earth settled by people and there are conflicting ideas about the pace and scale of initial colonisation. Three tephra layers, the Landnám (‘land-taking’) tephra layer (A.D. 877 ± 1), the Eldgjá tephra (A.D. 939) and the recently dated V-Sv tephra (A.D. 938 ± 6) can be found at 58% of 253 securely-dated early settlement sites across the country. The presence of the tephras permits both a countrywide comparison, and a classification of these settlement sites into pre-Landnám, Landnám and post-Landnám. The data summarised here for the first time indicate that it will be possible to reconstruct the tempo and development of the colonisation process in decadal resolution by more systematically utilising the dating potential of tephrochronology. |
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| Keywords: | Iceland Tephra isochrons Landnám tephra Colonisation Periodization Viking age |
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