| 再论地震大小的度量 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈章立.再论地震大小的度量[J].地震,2020,40(1):1-10. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈章立 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地震局, 北京 100036 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地震局地震预测研究所部门任务专项(2014IEF0706) |
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| 摘 要： | 本文是针对迄今为止中国在地震大小的度量方面存在的主要问题撰写的。 在阐明地震大小物理含义的基础上, 首先指出由震源辐射能量ER出发所定义的传统震级标度ML, mb(mB), MS都存在着“以偏概全”, “震级饱和”和ML震级标度的“局限性”, 以及不同标度的震级之间不可相互换算等问题。 而由在地震破裂的整个过程中震源区“等效力”所做的功出发导出的地震矩M0是对地震大小最科学的度量。 为继续应用“震级”这一术语来描述地震的大小, 由M0所定义的矩震级标度MW不仅克服了传统震级标度存在的各种问题, 而且适用对不同大小、 不同震中距、 不同震源深度地震大小的度量。 因此近20年已被国际地震学界普遍采用。 最后强调推进地震大小的度量与国际接轨是推进中国地震科技现代化必须解决的重要基础性工作, 不仅有利于国际地震科技交流合作, 而且有助于增强防震减灾工作的科学性。
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| 关 键 词： | 地震大小的度量 震级标度 中国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-05-28 |
The Measure of the Magnitude of the Earthquake |
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| CHEN Zhang-li.The Measure of the Magnitude of the Earthquake[J].Earthquake,2020,40(1):1-10. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Zhang-li |
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| Institution: | China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper aims at main problems in measuring earthquake size in China. On the basis of clarifying the physical meaning of earthquake size, we firstly points out that the traditional magnitude scale ML, mb(mB) and MS which are defined by the source radiation energy ER have some problems such as “overgeneralization”, “magnitude saturation” and “limitation” of ML magnitude scale, as well as the uninterchangeable between magnitudes of different scales. The seismic moment M0 derived from the “equivalent force” in the source area during the whole process of earthquake rupture is the most scientific measure of the earthquake size. In order to continue to use the term “magnitude” to describe the size of an earthquake, the moment magnitude scale MW defined by M0 not only solves problems in the traditional magnitude scale, but also applies to measure earthquakes with different sizes, different epicentral distances, and different focal depths. Therefore, it has been widely adopted by international seismology community in the past 20 years. Finally, we emphasize that promoting the measurement of earthquake size in line with international standards is an important basic work to advance the modernization of earthquake science and technology in China. It is not only conducive to the international communication and cooperation in earthquake science and technology, but also helpful to enhance the scientificity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. |
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| Keywords: | Earthquake size Magnitude of Earthquake China |
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