| Effects of length and application rate of rice straw mulch on surface runoff and soil loss under laboratory simulated rainfall |
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| 作者姓名： | Misagh Parhizkar Mahmood Shabanpour Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja Demetrio Antonio Zema Siyue Li Nobuaki Tanaka Artemio Cerdà |
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| 作者单位： | Soil Science Department;Escuela Tecnica Superior Ingenieros Agronomos y Montes;Department AGRARIA;Research Center for Ecohydrology;Ecohydrology Research Institute;Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group（SEDER） |
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| 基金项目： | the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,University of Guilan for their support and experimental assistance。 |
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| 摘 要： | Forest land affected by deforestation yields high soil and water losses.Suitable management practices need to be found that can reduce these losses and achieve ecological and hydrological sustainability of the deforested areas.Mulch has been found to be effective in reducing soil losses;straw mulch is easy to apply,contributes soil organic matter,and is efficient since the day of application.However,the complex effects of rice straw mulch with different application rates and lengths on surface runoff and soil loss have not been clarified in depth.The current paper evaluates the efficiency of rice straw mulch in reducing the hydrological response of a silty clay loam soil under high intensity and low frequency rainfall events(tap water with total depth of 49 mm and intensity of 98 mm/h)simulated in the laboratory.Surface runoff and soil loss at three lengths of the straw(10,30,and 200 mm)and three application rates(1,2,and 3 Mg/ha)were measured in 50 cm(width)×100 cm(length)×10 cm(depth)plots with disturbed soil samples(aggregate soil size<4 mm)collected in a deforested area.Bare soil was used as control experiment.Runoff volume and erosion were significantly(at p<0.05)lower in mulched soils compared to control plots.These reductions were ascribed to the water absorption capacity of the rice straw and the protection cover of the mulch layer.The minimum runoff was observed for a mulch layer of3 Mg/ha of straw with a length of 200 mm.The lowest soil losses were found with straw length of10 mm.The models developed predict runoff and erosion based on simple linear functions of mulch application rate and length,and can be used for a suitable hydrological management of soil.It is concluded that,thanks to rice straw mulch used as an organic soil conditioner,soil erosion and surface runoff are significantly(at p<0.05)reduced,and the mulch protection contributes to reduce the risk of soil degradation.Further research is,however,needed to analyze the upscaling of the hydrological effects of mulching from the plot to the hillslope scale.
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| 关 键 词： | Straw mulch Soil erosion Mulch application rate Mulch length Rainfall simulator |
| 收稿时间： | 1 June 2020 |
Effects of length and application rate of rice straw mulch on surface runoff and soil loss under laboratory simulated rainfall |
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| Misagh Parhizkar,Mahmood Shabanpour,Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja,Demetrio Antonio Zema,Siyue Li,Nobuaki Tanaka,Artemio Cerdà.Effects of length and application rate of rice straw mulch on surface runoff and soil loss under laboratory simulated rainfall[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2021,36(4):468-478. |
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| Authors: | Misagh Parhizkar Mahmood Shabanpour Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja Demetrio Antonio Zema Siyue Li Nobuaki Tanaka Artemio Cerdà |
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| Institution: | 1. Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, 41635-1314, Rasht, Iran;2. Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Campus Universitario, E-02071, Albacete, Spain;3. Department AGRARIA, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy;4. Research Center for Ecohydrology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China;5. Ecohydrology Research Institute, The University of Tokyo Forests, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Seto, Japan;6. Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group (SEDER), Department of Geography, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez 28, 46001, Valencia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Forest land affected by deforestation yields high soil and water losses. Suitable management practices need to be found that can reduce these losses and achieve ecological and hydrological sustainability of the deforested areas. Mulch has been found to be effective in reducing soil losses; straw mulch is easy to apply, contributes soil organic matter, and is efficient since the day of application. However, the complex effects of rice straw mulch with different application rates and lengths on surface runoff and soil loss have not been clarified in depth. The current paper evaluates the efficiency of rice straw mulch in reducing the hydrological response of a silty clay loam soil under high intensity and low frequency rainfall events (tap water with total depth of 49 mm and intensity of 98 mm/h) simulated in the laboratory. Surface runoff and soil loss at three lengths of the straw (10, 30, and 200 mm) and three application rates (1, 2, and 3 Mg/ha) were measured in 50 cm (width) × 100 cm (length) × 10 cm (depth) plots with disturbed soil samples (aggregate soil size < 4 mm) collected in a deforested area. Bare soil was used as control experiment. Runoff volume and erosion were significantly (at p < 0.05) lower in mulched soils compared to control plots. These reductions were ascribed to the water absorption capacity of the rice straw and the protection cover of the mulch layer. The minimum runoff was observed for a mulch layer of 3 Mg/ha of straw with a length of 200 mm. The lowest soil losses were found with straw length of 10 mm. The models developed predict runoff and erosion based on simple linear functions of mulch application rate and length, and can be used for a suitable hydrological management of soil. It is concluded that, thanks to rice straw mulch used as an organic soil conditioner, soil erosion and surface runoff are significantly (at p < 0.05) reduced, and the mulch protection contributes to reduce the risk of soil degradation. Further research is, however, needed to analyze the upscaling of the hydrological effects of mulching from the plot to the hillslope scale. |
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| Keywords: | Straw mulch Soil erosion Mulch application rate Mulch length Rainfall simulator |
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