Use of incipient motion data for backward erosion piping models |
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| Authors: | Vera M van Beek Bryant A Robbins Gijs JCM Hoffmans Adam Bezuijen Leo C van Rijn |
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| Institution: | 1. Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands;2. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA;3. Ghent University, Technologiepark 68 905, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;4. Leovanrijn-Sediment-Consultancy, Domineeswal 6, 8356 DS Blokzijl, The Netherlands;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa;2. Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Multi-scale Modelling of Multiphase Processes, Johannes Kepler University, Austria;1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 941 rue Charles Bourseul, BP 10838, 59508 Douai, France;2. Toulouse University, Mines Albi, CNRS, RAPSODEE Center, Campus Jarlard, F-81013 Albi cedex 09, France;3. SOLVAY SA, DCRT, rue de Ransbeek 310, B-1120 Bruxelles, Germany;4. PRAYON SA, rue J. Wauters, Engis, Belgium;1. Instituto de Mecánica de los Fluidos e Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, J. Herrera y Reissig 565, CP 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay;2. Université Paris-Est, Laboratory for Hydraulics Saint-Venant (ENPC-EDF/R&D-CEREMA), 6 quai Watier, BP 49, 78401 Chatou Cedex, France;3. Electricity of France, R&D Department, 6 quai Watier, BP 49, 78401 Chatou Cedex, France;4. Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, FRE UTC-CNRS 3023, Roberval, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France;5. Cerema, Direction Technique Eau, Mer et Fleuves, 134 rue de Beauvais, CS 60039, 60280 Margny Lès Compiègne, France;6. Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre - Eau Terre Environnement, 490 Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canadá G1K 9A9;1. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;2. Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited, Kunming 650041, China;1. Université de Bordeaux, I2M, Laboratoire TREFLE, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac, France;2. The University of Queensland, School of Civil Engineering, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;3. CNRS UMR 5295, 33607 Pessac, France |
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| Abstract: | Backward erosion piping involves the gradual removal of granular material under the action of water flow from the foundation of a dam or levee, whereby shallow pipes are formed that grow in the direction opposite to the flow. This pipe-forming process can ultimately lead to failure of a water-retaining structure and is considered one of the most important failure mechanisms for dikes and levees in the Netherlands and the United States. Modeling of this mechanism requires the assessment of hydraulic conditions in the pipe, which are controlled by the particle equilibrium at the pipe wall. Since the pipe?s dimensions are controlled by the inflow to the pipe from the porous medium, the flow through the pipe is thought to be laminar for fine- to medium-grained sands. The literature provides data for incipient motion in laminar flow, which is reviewed here and complemented with data from backward erosion experiments. The experiments illustrate the applicability of the laminar incipient motion data to determine the erosion pipe dimensions and corresponding pipe hydraulics for fine- to medium-grained sands, for the purpose of backward erosion piping modeling. |
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| Keywords: | Internal erosion Backward erosion piping Cylindrical test Incipient motion Dikes Levees |
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