| IPCC特别报告SRCCL关于气候变化与粮食安全的新认知与启示 |
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| 引用本文： | 许吟隆,赵运成,翟盘茂.IPCC特别报告SRCCL关于气候变化与粮食安全的新认知与启示[J].气候变化研究进展,2020,16(1):37-49. |
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| 作者姓名： | 许吟隆 赵运成 翟盘茂 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081;中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 中-英-非发展廊道伙伴项目DCP(ES/P011500/1);FAO中国碳中和茶产业发展项目(GF.CBDDD.RA20403) |
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| 摘 要： | 气候变化对粮食安全的影响是广泛的,不但影响粮食产量和品质,还会影响到农户的生计以及农业相关的产业发展等;而粮食系统在保障粮食安全的同时,又会产生一系列的环境问题,其中农业源温室气体（GHG）的排放加剧全球变暖。IPCC在2019年8月份发布的《气候变化与土地特别报告》（SRCCL）,从粮食生产、加工、储存、运输及消费的各个环节评估气候变化对粮食安全的影响及粮食系统的温室气体排放对气候系统的影响;系统梳理粮食系统供给侧和需求侧的适应与减缓措施、适应与减缓的协同和权衡问题,以及气候变化条件下保障粮食安全的政策环境等。SRCCL评估结论认为,由于大量施用氮肥和消耗水资源,目前粮食系统GHG排放占全球总排放的21%~37%;农业和粮食系统是全球应对气候变化的重要方面,供给侧和需求侧的综合措施可以减少食物浪费、减少GHG排放、增加粮食系统的恢复力。未来工作的重点应丰富和扩展气候变化影响评估内容,量化适应效果,加深对适应、减缓及其协同和权衡的科学认知,大力加强应对气候变化能力建设。
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| 关 键 词： | 气候变化 粮食安全 影响 适应 减缓 协同 权衡 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-30 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-12-24 |
Advances in scientific understanding on climate change and food security from IPCC special report SRCCL |
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| XU Yin-Long,ZHAO Yun-Cheng,ZHAI Pan-Mao.Advances in scientific understanding on climate change and food security from IPCC special report SRCCL[J].Advances in Climate Change,2020,16(1):37-49. |
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| Authors: | XU Yin-Long ZHAO Yun-Cheng ZHAI Pan-Mao |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China2 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Food security is widely affected from climate change not only on food production quantity but also on food quality, and the cascading effects on farmers’ livelihood as well as the food value chain;in the meanwhile, a series of environmental consequences, including agricultural greenhouse gases(GHGs) emission to enhance the global warming, has been resulted from the food system for the food security. An IPCC special report on climate change and land(SRCCL) has been published in August 2019, the report systematically assessed the impacts of climate change on the whole value chain of food production, processing, storage, transportation, and consumption, as well as the impacts of food system on climate change with the enhanced warming from agricultural GHG emissions, the supply-side and demand-side adaptations and mitigations as well as the synergy and trade-offs between them, and the policy environment for food security. It is concluded from SRCCL that about 21%–37% of total global anthropogenic GHG emissions are attributable to the food system due to the increased use of N fertilizer and water, etc., agriculture and food system are key to global climate change responses, integrated measures in supply-side and demand-side can reduce food loss and waste then result in the reduction of GHG emissions, and help build a resilient food system. The future work for the food system coping with climate change should be focusing on how to enrich and expand the assessments on climate change impacts on agriculture and food system, quantify the adaptation effects, increase the scientific understanding on synergies and trade-offs of adaptation and mitigation, and enhance the capacity building with specified issues. |
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| Keywords: | Climate change Food security Impacts Adaptation Mitigation Synergy Trade-off |
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