Aboveground Growth and Competition in Forest Gap Models: An Analysis for Studies of Climatic Change |
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| Authors: | Richard J Norby Kiona Ogle Peter S Curtis Franz-W Badeck Andreas Huth George C Hurtt Takashi Kohyama and Josep Peñuelas |
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| Institution: | (1) Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA;(2) Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;(3) Department of Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA;(4) Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany;(5) Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany;(6) Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA;(7) Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;(8) Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Gap models have been used extensively in ecological studies of forest structure and succession, and they should be useful tools for studying potential responses of forests to climatic change. There is a wide variety of gap models with different degrees of physiological detail, and the manner in which the effects of climatic factors are analyzed varies across that range of detail. Here we consider how well the current suite of gap models can accommodate climatic-change issues, and we suggest what physiological attributes and responses should be added to better represent responses of aboveground growth and competition. Whether a gap model is based on highly empirical, aggregated growth functions or more mechanistic expressions of carbon uptake and allocation, the greatest challenge will be to express allocation correctly. For example, incorporating effects of elevated CO2 requires that the fixed allometry between stem volume and leaf area be made flexible. Simulation of the effects of climatic warming should incorporate the possibility of a longer growing season and acclimation of growth processes to changing temperature. To accommodate climatic-change factors, some of the simplicity of gap models must be sacrificed by increasing the amount of physiological detail, but it is important that the capability of the models to predict competition and successional dynamics not be sacrificed. |
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