Climate impacts on coal, from resource assessments through to environmental remediation |
| |
| Authors: | James Ekmann |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Leonardo Technologies, Inc, PO Box 178 70245, Bannock Uniontown Road, Bannock, OH, 43972, USA
|
| |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the coal cycle from exploration through mining to end uses and environmental remediation, primarily from the perspective of elements in the cycle that are most vulnerable to the impacts of climatic change. The differences between resource estimates are noted. Coal transport by rail, barge, and ocean-going vessels are compared. The major end-use technologies are mentioned in the context of the coal value chain. Water availability is identified as a major uncertainty that could be further complicated by climate change. The major flows that are produced by down-stream cleanup of environmental emissions are discussed in terms of the movement of bulk solids. Typical impacts of temperature change, changes in precipitation, sea level rise, and decrease in sea ice in this cycle are summarized. Finally, while noting the negative impacts of climate changes in the Arctic, the opportunities that may arise from these are also discussed. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录！ |
|
