| 祁连山地形云试验区自然地理和气候特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈跃,陈乾,陈添宇,李宝梓.祁连山地形云试验区自然地理和气候特征[J].气象科技,2008,36(5):575-580. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈跃 陈乾 陈添宇 李宝梓 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国气象科学研究院人工影响天气研究所,北京,100081
2. 甘肃省人工影响天气办公室,兰州,730020 |
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| 摘 要： | 对祁连山地形云民乐试验区的降水时空变化及夏季降水、云和风向的日变化进行分析发现,试验区降水随海拔升高由北向南递增,在祁连…北坡实测最大年降水量511 mm,出现在海拔2500 m的瓦房城.全年7月降水最多,6～8月降水量占年降水量的57%.夏季风向日变化明显,以山谷环流为主,白天多为NW风.夜间为SSE风,午后谷风使水汽向祁连山北坡汇集,气流抬升形成对流云,故山区16:00～20:00降水频率最高,有两个雨峰分别出现在午后和半夜,与低云量和积云、积雨云的日变化对应.近50年的气候变化表明,年降水量呈上升趋势,春、夏、秋季降水量均为上升趋势,冬季则下降.1957～2004年有两个枯水期,两个丰水期,1998年至今处于丰水期.年降水量和年径流量最大熵谱图分析表明,4.8年和3年周期较显著,民乐年降水量和莺落峡年径流量熵谱图对应较好,还存在9年的振动周期.
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| 关 键 词： | 地形云 祁连山 地理 气候特征 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007/7/31 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 1/4/2008 12:00:00 AM |
Physical Geography and Climatic Characteristics of Topographic Cloud Experiment Area in Qilian Mountain |
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| Chen Yue,Chen Qian,Chen Tianyu and Li Baozi.Physical Geography and Climatic Characteristics of Topographic Cloud Experiment Area in Qilian Mountain[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2008,36(5):575-580. |
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| Authors: | Chen Yue Chen Qian Chen Tianyu and Li Baozi |
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| Institution: | Institute of Weather Modification, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081;Gansu Provincial Weather Modification Office, Lanzhou 730020;Gansu Provincial Weather Modification Office, Lanzhou 730020;Gansu Provincial Weather Modification Office, Lanzhou 730020 |
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| Abstract: | The temporal and spatial variation of summer precipitation and the daily variation of clouds and wind direction are analyzed with the 50 year climate data from the topographic cloud experiment area in Qilian Mountain. The result shows that the precipitation in the experiment area increased from north to south with increasing altitude. The observed maximum annual precipitation is 511 mm, occuring in Wafangcheng at 2500 m (ASL). The amount of precipitation in July is the biggest, while that from June to August is about 57% of annual precipitation. There is obvious daily variation in wind direction in summer, with mountain valley circulations dominating. The most frequent wind direction is northwest in daytime and south to southeast in nighttime. Valley winds after noon make vapor converged in the hillside of Qilian Mountain to produce ascending airflow, further convective clouds. As the result, the precipitation frequency is the highest, and two precipitation peaks appear in midnight and noon, respectively, corresponding to daily variations of low cloud, cumulus and cumulonimbus amounts. The climate change of 50 years shows that annual precipitation has an increasing trend; there were two wet periods and two dry periods from 1957 to 2004; it has been in wet periods from 1998 till now. The analyses of annual precipitation and the biggest entropy spectra of annual runoff show that there are obvious periods of 4.8 years and 3 years, and the annual precipitation at Minle has a good relationship with entropy spectra. |
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| Keywords: | topographic clouds physical geography climatic characteristic Qilian Mountain |
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