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The importance of ship log data: reconstructing North Atlantic, European and Mediterranean sea level pressure fields back to 1750 |
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| Authors: | M Küttel E Xoplaki D Gallego J Luterbacher R García-Herrera R Allan M Barriendos P D Jones D Wheeler H Wanner |
| Institution: | 1. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), and Institute of Geography, Climatology and Meteorology, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012, Bern, Switzerland 2. The Cyprus Institute, EEWRC, Nicosia, Cyprus 3. Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain 4. Department of Geography, Climatology, Climate Dynamics and Climate Change, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany 5. Departamento de Física de la Tierra II, Facultad de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain 6. Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK 7. Department of Modern History, University of Barcelona, 08001, Barcelona, Spain 8. Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK 9. Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, SR1 3PZ, UK |
| Abstract: | Local to regional climate anomalies are to a large extent determined by the state of the atmospheric circulation. The knowledge of large-scale sea level pressure (SLP) variations in former times is therefore crucial when addressing past climate changes across Europe and the Mediterranean. However, currently available SLP reconstructions lack data from the ocean, particularly in the pre-1850 period. Here we present a new statistically-derived 5° × 5° resolved gridded seasonal SLP dataset covering the eastern North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean area (40°W–50°E; 20°N–70°N) back to 1750 using terrestrial instrumental pressure series and marine wind information from ship logbooks. For the period 1750–1850, the new SLP reconstruction provides a more accurate representation of the strength of the winter westerlies as well as the location and variability of the Azores High than currently available multiproxy pressure field reconstructions. These findings strongly support the potential of ship logbooks as an important source to determine past circulation variations especially for the pre-1850 period. This new dataset can be further used for dynamical studies relating large-scale atmospheric circulation to temperature and precipitation variability over the Mediterranean and Eurasia, for the comparison with outputs from GCMs as well as for detection and attribution studies. |
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