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Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: a global synthesis |
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| Authors: | P J Bartlein S P Harrison S Brewer S Connor B A S Davis K Gajewski J Guiot T I Harrison-Prentice A Henderson O Peyron I C Prentice M Scholze H Seppä B Shuman S Sugita R S Thompson A E Viau J Williams H Wu |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA 2. School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 3. School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia 4. Botany Department, University of Wyoming, Wyoming, 82071, USA 5. Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of the Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal 6. School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland 7. Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada 8. CEREGE, BP 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France 9. GTZ, PAKLIM, Jl. D. I. Panjaitan Kav 24, Jakarta, 13410, Indonesia 10. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA 11. Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS-UFC UFR Sciences et Techniques, Besan?on Cedex, France 12. QUEST, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 13. Department of Geology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland 14. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA 15. Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia 16. US Geological Survey, PO Box 25046, MS 919, Denver, CO, USA 17. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA 18. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China |
| Abstract: | Subfossil pollen and plant macrofossil data derived from 14C-dated sediment profiles can provide quantitative information on glacial and interglacial climates. The data allow climate variables related to growing-season warmth, winter cold, and plant-available moisture to be reconstructed. Continental-scale reconstructions have been made for the mid-Holocene (MH, around 6 ka) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21 ka), allowing comparison with palaeoclimate simulations currently being carried out as part of the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The synthesis of the available MH and LGM climate reconstructions and their uncertainties, obtained using modern-analogue, regression and model-inversion techniques, is presented for four temperature variables and two moisture variables. Reconstructions of the same variables based on surface-pollen assemblages are shown to be accurate and unbiased. Reconstructed LGM and MH climate anomaly patterns are coherent, consistent between variables, and robust with respect to the choice of technique. They support a conceptual model of the controls of Late Quaternary climate change whereby the first-order effects of orbital variations and greenhouse forcing on the seasonal cycle of temperature are predictably modified by responses of the atmospheric circulation and surface energy balance. |
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