| 利用TMI反演的水汽凝结物对热带气旋潜热结构分布的探索研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 姚小娟,黎伟标,陈淑敏.利用TMI反演的水汽凝结物对热带气旋潜热结构分布的探索研究[J].大气科学,2014,38(5):909-923. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姚小娟 黎伟标 陈淑敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中山大学环境科学与工程学院大气科学系, 广州510275;国家海洋局南海预报中心, 广州510310 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划（973 计划）项目2011CB403500,国家自然基金项目41375050、40875020 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文利用热带测雨卫星TRMM（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission）微波成像仪TMI（TRMM Microwave Imager）2A12 水汽凝结物（Hydrometeor）反演资料,对西北太平洋地区从1998～2009 年的236 个热带气旋个例的1776 个“快照”（snapshot）的水汽凝结物的结构特征进行了分析,并探讨了水汽凝结物的时空变化与热带气旋强度演变联系。研究结果表明:（1）TMI 2A12 水汽凝结物资料显示出了热带气旋内部的细致结构及变化特征,水汽凝结物的峰值集中于数十公里到一百多公里的热带气旋眼壁及云墙区;在热带气旋发展过程中,随着热带气旋强度的增强,水汽凝结物增多且往其中心靠拢,从发展阶段到成熟阶段,水汽凝结物的大值中心基本上集中在距离热带气旋中心约50 km 区域,而且强度越强的热带气旋,水汽凝结物的大值中心与热带气旋中心的距离越近;在热带气旋消亡的过程中,水汽凝结物不断减弱且往外围扩散,逐渐扩展到远离中心的区域;（2）热带气旋强度与水汽凝结物的分布关系密切,热带气旋强度变化与热带气旋中心附近200 km 范围内的水汽凝结物含量存在显著的正相关,而200 km 以外的外围水汽凝结物含量存在负相关;（3）热带气旋强度变化与水汽凝结物的变化存在时间差,水汽凝结物的变化超前于热带气旋强度的变化,在热带气旋迅速发展之前数小时,热带气旋中心0～50 km 环状区域的水汽凝结物含量就已经提前增加了,在热带气旋减弱前数小时到十数小时,即使热带气旋还处于它强度的鼎盛时期,其中心0～50 km 环状区域的水汽凝结物含量就已经提前显著减少了,这种水汽凝结物的变化超前于热带气旋强度的变化的现象,可能是热带气旋强度预报的潜在线索。
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| 关 键 词： | 热带气旋结构 热带气旋强度 TMI 反演 |
| 收稿时间： | 6/3/2013 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2014/1/23 0:00:00 |
Research on Latent Heat Distributions in Tropical Cyclones from Hydrometeor TMI Retrieval Data |
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| YAO Xiaojuan,LI Weibiao and CHEN Shumin.Research on Latent Heat Distributions in Tropical Cyclones from Hydrometeor TMI Retrieval Data[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2014,38(5):909-923. |
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| Authors: | YAO Xiaojuan LI Weibiao and CHEN Shumin |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275;South China Sea Marine Prediction Center of the State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 5103102.Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 |
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| Abstract: | The three-dimensional structure of tropical cyclones (TC) and its relationship to intensity changes are statistically examined, using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) TMI (TRMM Microwave Imager) retrieval data from 1998 to 2009. A total of 236 TCs over the western North Pacific were observed, providing 1776 "snapshots" of instantaneous TC precipitation. Four types of hydrometeors (precipitable water, precipitable ice, cloud liquid water, cloud ice water) are mainly located around a TC's eyewall areas and the inner edge of the rainbands (<150 km from TC center). During the intensification stage, the hydrometeor contents around TCs are increasing and high-value areas move closer to their center. Maximum hydrometeor content is common at about 50 km from the TC center in its mature stage. The stronger the TC intensity, the closer to the TC center is the maximum hydrometeor content. During the decay stage, the hydrometeor content around the TC decreases and spreads to the outer regions of the TC. There is a close relationship between TC structure and intensity change. The correlations between TC intensity and hydrometeor content over the inner regions (<200 km from TC center) are positive, however, the correlations between TC intensity and hydrometeor content over a TC's outer regions (>200 km from TC center) are negative. Hydrometeor variability seems to occur earlier than changes in the TC intensity. The hydrometeor content around the eyewall areas (<50 km from TC center) increases several hours earlier than the rapid intensification of TCs, and decrease several or tens of hours earlier than TC decay. |
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| Keywords: | Structure of tropical cyclone Intensity of tropical cyclone TMI retrieval |
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