| 中国最高、最低温度及日较差在海拔高度上变化的初步分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 董丹宏,黄刚.中国最高、最低温度及日较差在海拔高度上变化的初步分析[J].大气科学,2015,39(5):1011-1024. |
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| 作者姓名： | 董丹宏 黄刚 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.成都信息工程大学大气科学学院, 成都 610225;中国科学院大气物理研究所季风系统研究中心, 北京 100029 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目2011CB309704,全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划项目2012CB955604,国家自然科学基金项目41425019、41275083、91337105,高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室开放课题PAEL-2014-K2 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文利用中国740个气象台站1963~2012年均一化逐日最高温度和最低温度资料,分析了中国地区最高、最低气温和日较差变化趋势的区域特征及其与海拔高度的关系。结果表明:近50年气温的变化趋势无论是年或季节变化,最低温度的增温幅度都高于最高温度,且其增温显著区域都对应我国高海拔地区。除了春季,其他季节最高、最低温度及日较差的升温幅度随着海拔高度的升高而增大,其中最高温度的变化趋势与海拔高度的相关性最好。同一海拔高度上,最高、最低温度在不同年代的增幅具有不一致性:20世纪80年代,二者变化幅度最小;20世纪90年代,二者增幅最大,尤以低海拔地区最为明显。2000 m以上高海拔地区:最高温度和最低温度的变化趋势在20世纪90年代以前变化较小,而在近十年增幅十分明显;日较差季节变化大:夏季减小,冬季增加。20世纪90年代以前,最高、最低温度随海拔高度变化不大,而近20年随海拔高度升高,最高、最低温度的变化趋势几乎都是先减小后增加。高海拔地区比低海拔地区对全球变化反应更明显。
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| 关 键 词： | 最高温度 最低温度 日较差 海拔高度 变化趋势 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/10/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2/3/2015 12:00:00 AM |
Relationship between Altitude and Variation Characteristics of the Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, and Diurnal Temperature Range in China |
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| DONG Danhong and HUANG Gang.Relationship between Altitude and Variation Characteristics of the Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, and Diurnal Temperature Range in China[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2015,39(5):1011-1024. |
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| Authors: | DONG Danhong and HUANG Gang |
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| Institution: | 1.Chengdu University of Information Technology, Department of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu 610225;Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1000292.State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875 |
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| Abstract: | Based on daily maximum and minimum temperature data from 740 homogenized surface meteorological stations, the present study investigates the regional characteristics of the temperature trend and the dependence of maximum and minimum temperature and diurnal temperature range changes on the altitude during the period 1963-2012. It is found that the magnitude of minimum temperature increase is larger than that of the maximum temperature increase. The significant warming areas are located at high altitude, all of which increase remarkably in size during the study period. The maximum and minimum temperature and diurnal temperature range trends increase with altitude, except in spring. The correlation coefficients between the maximum temperature trend and altitude are the highest. At the same altitude, the amplitudes of maximum and minimum temperature show inconsistency: They exhibit increasing trends in the 1990s, with significant change at low altitude; they change minimally in the 1980s; and at high altitudes (above 2000 m), the magnitudes of their changes are weak before the 1990s but stronger in the last 10 years of the study period. The seasonal variability of the diurnal temperature range is large over 2000 m, decreasing in summer but increasing in winter. Before the 1990s, there is no significant variation between maximum and minimum temperature and altitude. However, their trends almost all decrease and then increase with altitude in the last 20 years. Additionally, the response to climate in highland areas is more sensitive than that in lowland areas. |
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| Keywords: | Maximum temperature Minimum temperature Diurnal temperature range Altitude Temperature trend |
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