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冰雹云中微物理过程研究
引用本文:洪延超,肖辉,李宏宇,胡朝霞.冰雹云中微物理过程研究[J].大气科学,2002,26(3):421-432.
作者姓名:洪延超  肖辉  李宏宇  胡朝霞
作者单位:中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京,100029
基金项目:"九五"国家攻关课题(96-020-01-07)和中国科学院大气物理研究所2000年创新重点项目共同资助
摘    要:利用三维冰雹云模式通过实例模拟研究了云中冰相物理过程,结果表明,云中粒子产生有一源地,在雹云发展阶段早期,霰、冻滴,雹和雨水的极大产生率都位于6.0 km高度附近,这里是雹胚及冰雹形成的源区,从"利益竞争"概念出发,人工防雹的催化部位应在此高度附近;粒子产生高度与其源项发生高度及主要增长方式有关,粒子产生和增长过程在云的发展不同阶段也是不同的.在冰雹形成过程中,作为雹胚的霰和冻滴主要通过撞冻过冷水增长.撞冻增长占增长量的大部分,云中存在丰富的过冷水对冰雹胚胎和冰雹形成、增长都是十分重要的.在"冰晶-过冷水-雹胚-冰雹"这一链环中,没有过冷水参与很难形成强烈降雹.通过两例雹云的对比研究,发现若雹云云底温度降低和湿度增大,由于霰撞冻过冷水尤其是撞冻过冷云水增长量大幅度提高,霰的尺度加大,提高向冰雹的转化率,使霰胚数量大大增加.

关 键 词:数值模拟    粒子增长    微物理过程链

Studies on Microphysical Processes in Hail Cloud
Hong Yanchao,Xiao Hui,Li Hongyu and Hu Zhaoxia.Studies on Microphysical Processes in Hail Cloud[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2002,26(3):421-432.
Authors:Hong Yanchao  Xiao Hui  Li Hongyu and Hu Zhaoxia
Abstract:Abstract Microphycical processes in hail cloud are studied by simulations of a 3-D hail cloud numerical model. The results indicate that each kind of ice particles has its generation /one and growth zone in the cloud. In a developing stage of the hail cloud maximum production rales of graupel, fro/en drop, hail stone and rainwater are all situated in the vicinity of 6 km height, the hail embryo and hail generation zone. From the "benefit competition" concept, the optimum seeding position for hail mitigation should be located there. Processes of the particle generation and growth in the different developing stages of cloud are different. In hail formation, growth of graupel and frozen drop as hail embryo is mainly by the accretion processes. The growth amount by the accretion occupies the most part of the to tal growth amount. Plenty of supercooled rainwater is very important in the formation and growth of hail embryos and hailstones. In the chain of " ice crystal-hail embryo-hailstone" , if there is not supercooled water, strong hailstone shooting would not occur. A contrast study of two observational hail clouds shows that when the temperature declines and humidity raise at the cloud base, the quantity of graupel embryo increases greatly because the amount by the accreting to suppercooled water, especially cloud water, is increased by a wide margin, the size of graupel is increased, and the conversion rate of graupel to hail is raised.
Keywords:Keywords: numerical simulation  particle growth  chain of micropysical process
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