| 中国沙漠沙尘气溶胶对沙漠源区及北太平洋地区大气辐射加热的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王宏,石广玉,王标,等.中国沙漠沙尘气溶胶对沙漠源区及北太平洋地区大气辐射加热的影响[J].大气科学,2007,31(3):515-526. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王宏 石广玉 王标 等 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室/数值预报基地,北京,100081;中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室,北京,100029 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) |
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| 摘 要： | 针对2001年春季中国沙漠和北太平洋上空沙尘气溶胶的空间分布情况，利用辐射传输模式，分别计算了沙尘气溶胶对沙漠和海洋大气的辐射加热（冷却）率，并讨论了低云、中云、高云对辐射加热率的影响。结果表明:春季，位于中国沙漠和太平洋上空的沙尘层对大气具有明显的加热作用。当沙漠上空光学厚度为1.0，海洋上空光学厚度为0.3时，取春季平均太阳高度角，沙尘层对应的净辐射加热率分别为2.8 K/d和0.4 K/d。由于WMO推荐的沙尘模型比东亚沙尘模型对太阳辐射吸收强，采用该模型计算得到的中国沙漠和海洋上空的加热率比采用东亚沙尘模型分别高1.5 K/d和0.2 K/d。沙尘对大气的加热率很大程度上依赖于沙尘的大气载荷。这种依赖性首先受太阳高度角的影响， 其次也受地表反照率的影响。云对沙尘层辐射加热（冷却）率的影响与云的高度和厚度有关。低云能够加热沙漠和海洋上空的沙尘大气，冷却地面和洋面。中、高云冷却沙漠上空的沙尘层。在海洋上空，中云对云层以上的沙尘层有加热作用，对云层以下的沙尘层有冷却作用。高云对海洋上空沙尘层的辐射加热（冷却）率的影响比较小，加热还是冷却，取决于云的厚度，当云层较薄时，加热沙尘层，而当云层较厚的时候，有可能冷却沙尘层。
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| 关 键 词： | 辐射传输模式 辐射加热率 光学厚度 沙尘模型 |
| 文章编号： | 1006-9895（2007）03-0515-12 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-11-282006-04-20 |
The Impacts of Dust Aerosol from Deserts of China on the Radiative Heating Rate over Desert Sources and the North Pacific Region |
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| WANG Hong,SHI Guang-Yu,WANG Biao and et al.The Impacts of Dust Aerosol from Deserts of China on the Radiative Heating Rate over Desert Sources and the North Pacific Region[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2007,31(3):515-526. |
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| Authors: | WANG Hong SHI Guang-Yu WANG Biao and |
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| Institution: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Disaster Weather/Centre for Numerical Prediction Research, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciowe, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081;2.State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;3.Air Quality Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Using the dust distribution data in spring 2001 the radiative heating(cooling) rates over deserts of China and the North Pacific Ocean are calculated and the impacts of low,middle and high clouds on the heating rate are discussed with a radiative transfer model.The studies show that the dust layer over deserts of China and the North Pacific region can heat the atmosphere evidently.The heating rate is 2.8 K/d over China's desert and 0.4 K/d over the Pacific region corresponding to the optical depth of dust aerosol of 1.0 and 0.3 with spring averaged solar altitude.The heating rate using WMO dust model is higher 1.5 K/d over desert and 0.2 K/d over the Pacific than those of East Asian dust model because of the strong absorption of WMO dust model.The heating rate strongly depends on the dust concentration in the atmosphere and this dependency is affected by solar altitude firstly and then by surface albedo.The impacts of clouds on the radiative heating rate depend on the height and thickness of clouds.Low cloud heats the dust atmosphere over desert and ocean while cool the surface of land and ocean.Middle and high cloud cools the dust atmosphere over desert.Over ocean area,middle cloud heats the dust layer over it and cools the dust layer below it.The impacts of high cloud on the radiative heating rate over ocean area highly depend on the thickness of cloud.Thin cloud may heat the dust layer while thick cloud may possibly cool it. |
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| Keywords: | radiative transfer model radiative heating rate optical depth dust model |
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