| 青藏高原的热力和机械强迫作用以及亚洲季风的爆发I. 爆发地点 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴国雄,张永生.青藏高原的热力和机械强迫作用以及亚洲季风的爆发I. 爆发地点[J].大气科学,1998,22(6):825-838. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴国雄 张永生 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室,北京 100080 |
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| 基金项目： | 本研究得到国家自然科学基金重点项目49635170及项目4957265和国家科委攀登B项目“青藏高原地-气物理过程及其对全球气候和中国灾害性天气影响的观测和理论研究”的联合支持 |
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| 摘 要： | 使用欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的客观分析资料、ECMWF/TOGA补充数据集，美国NMC气候分析中心的向外长波辐射（OLR）资料以及国家气候中心存档的中国336个测站的降水资料，研究了1989年春天青藏高原和邻近地区的热力特征和环流特征，及其对亚洲季风区季节转换的影响。文中集中分析了表面感热和潜热通量的时空分布特征。结果表明:1989年亚洲季风的爆发由三个接续的阶段组成。第一阶段是5月上旬在孟加拉湾东岸，称为孟加拉（BOB）季风爆发阶段。第二阶段是5月20日左右开始的中国南海（SCS）季风爆发阶段。第三阶段是6月10日左右开始的印度上空的南亚季风（或称印度季风）的爆发阶段。分析表明，正是由于青藏高原的热力和机械强迫作用才使亚洲季风首先在孟加拉湾地区出现。BOB季风环流提供了有利的背景条件，使SCS季风接着爆发。最后随着亚洲热带流型的西移，印度季风爆发才发生。
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| 关 键 词： | 地表感热通量 孟加拉湾季风爆发 亚洲季风 |
| 修稿时间： | 1/1/1998 12:00:00 AM |
Thermal and Mechanical Forcing of the Tibetan Plateau and the Asian Monsoon Onset. Part I: Situating of the Onset |
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| Wu Guoxiong and Zhang Yongsheng.Thermal and Mechanical Forcing of the Tibetan Plateau and the Asian Monsoon Onset. Part I: Situating of the Onset[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1998,22(6):825-838. |
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| Authors: | Wu Guoxiong and Zhang Yongsheng |
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| Abstract: | The ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) analysed data, the ECMWF/TOGA complementary data, the Climate Analysis Center/NMC (National Meteorological Center) outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) data set, and the data set of China rainfall collected from 336 stations and archived at the Data Centre of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (DCIAP) for the period of seasonal transition in the spring of 1989 were employed to study the thermal characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau and its neighboring regions, and their impacts on the seasonal transition in the Asian monsoon area. Special attention is paid to the diagnosis of the temporal and spatial distributions of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes. Results show that in 1989, the whole procedure of the outbreak of Asian monsoon onset was composed of three consequential stages. The first was the monsoon onset over the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal (BOB) in early May. It was followed by the onset of the East Asian monsoon over South China Sea (SCS) by May 20, then the onset of the South Asian monsoon over India by June 10. The BOB monsoon was directly linked to the thermal as well as mechanical forcing of the Tibetan Plateau. It then generated favorable environment for the SCS monsoon onset, Afterwards, as the whole flow pattern in the tropical Asia shifted westwards, the onset of South Asian monsoon occurd. |
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| Keywords: | surface sensible heat flux Bay of Bengal monsoon onset Asian monsoon |
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