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全球海表温度场中主要的年代际突变及其模态
引用本文:肖栋,李建平.全球海表温度场中主要的年代际突变及其模态[J].大气科学,2007,31(5):839-854.
作者姓名:肖栋  李建平
作者单位:1.兰州大学大气科学学院,兰州,730000;中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室,北京,100029
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目2006CB400503,优秀国家重点实验室研究项目40523001
摘    要:用滑动t检验法对NOAA提供的改进扩展重建的全球海表温度场(1867~2005年)的年平均时间序列进行了年代际突变的定量检验。给出了几个年代际突变时期的时空分布,这些时期有:1894~1901年、1905~1909年、1920~1930年、1939~1945年、1954~1958年、1973~1979年和1994~1998年,并确定了全球海表温度年代际突变的时间,不仅发现了大家熟知的1924、1942和1976年左右的突变,还发现了1894、1907、1956年和最近的1997年的突变。分析表明,赤道太平洋和南太平洋是海温变化的敏感区的可能性较大,其次是北太平洋和南印度洋。用合成差分析得到了全球海表温度场的年代际模态的空间分布,1895~1906年和1908~1923年、1925~1941年和1943~1955年以及1977~1996年和1998~2005年这三对模态分别在大部分海域大体上存在较为明显的反位相结构,太平洋上各个时期均表现为PDO模态,只是强度和范围有所不同,大西洋的南北结构具有不对称性,增暖占主导地位。用滑动t检验法对PDO的年代际突变的信号进行了定量的检验,发现其年代际突变的时间依次为:1908、1924、1942、1956、1976和1997年,除了1894年的突变外,其余突变年份与上述全球海表温度场的年代际突变时间基本上是一致的,这说明PDO是全球海表温度场年代际突变的重要成员之一。假如存在1997年左右的突变,1998至今时段就是全球海表温度场一个新的年代际背景,就其年代际模态而言,目前的强度比1943~1955时段的年代际背景还要强;就PDO目前的强度来说, 与1909~1923和1957~1975这两个时段的强度大体相当。

关 键 词:全球海表温度  滑动t检验法  年代际突变  年代际模态  太平洋年代际振荡
文章编号:1006-9895(2007)05-0839-16
修稿时间:2006-04-272006-08-01

Main Decadal Abrupt Changes and Decadal Modes in Global Sea Surface Temperature Field
XIAO Dong,LI Jian-Ping.Main Decadal Abrupt Changes and Decadal Modes in Global Sea Surface Temperature Field[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2007,31(5):839-854.
Authors:XIAO Dong  LI Jian-Ping
Institution:1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 ;2. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciereces and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atrnos pheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
Abstract:A moving t-test technique(MTT) is developed for quantitatively detecting the decadal abrupt changes(DACs) in the annual mean time series of Global Sea Surface Temperature(GSST) field for 139 years(1867-2005).The data used in this paper are Extended Reconstruction Sea Surface Temperature(ERSST) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA).A correction to the effective degrees of freedom of t-test is adopted for the dependency of time series of SST to be examined.This study focuses on abrupt change of mean value at decadal timescales.The spatial distribution of the DACs of GSST are shown in several epochs as follows: 1894-1901,1905-1909,1920-1930,1939-1945,1954-1958,1973-1979 and 1994-1998.The DACs of the Pacific Ocean took on PDO-like modes through all the epochs.The authors confirmed the decadal abrupt change years(DACYs) of GSST with the time coefficient of the second mode of GSST field.Our results show that the well-known 1924,1942 and 1976 DACs of GSST are not unique,also found around 1894,1907,1956 and the recent 1997 DACs.The equatorial Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean are likely to be the most sensitive area to the DACs of GSST.The next ones are the North Pacific Ocean,the South Indian Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean.The third one is the South Atlantic Ocean.Decadal modes(DMs) in the GSST field are got from epoch differences of the averaged field between the episodes 1895-1906 and 1893-1880,1908-1923 and 1895-1906,1925-1941 and 1908-1923,1943-1955 and 1925-1941,1957-1975 and 1943-1955,1977-1996 and 1957-1975,1998-2005 and 1977-1996.They take on Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO) modes in the Pacific at all the epochs with only differences in intension and position.The meridional structure of the DMs in the Atlantic Ocean is dissymmetrical,warm trend is dominant.The opposite phases of DMs in GSST field occurred between DMs 1895-1906 minus 1880-1893 and 1908-1923 minus 1895-1906,1925-1941 minus 1908-1923 and 1943-1955 minus 1925-1941,1977-1996 minus 1957-1975 and 19982005 minus 1977-1996 in most areas.The PDO index(November-March) computed with the NOAA ERSST is detected by MTT.The DACYs of the PDO are 1908,1924,1942, 1956,1976 and 1997.The DACYs 1908,1956 and 1997 are first found.They are the same as the DACYs of the GSST in essence except 1894.It indicates that the PDO takes an important part in DACs of GSST.If the 1997 DACY exists,the epoch 1998 up to the present is a new decadal background in the GSST field.The present intension of the DM in GSST field is stronger than that in the epoch 1943-1955; and the PDO,might be similar to that in the epochs 1909-1923 and 1957-1975.
Keywords:global sea surface temperature(GSST)  moving t-test technique(MTT)  decadal abrupt change(DAC)  decadal mode(DM)  Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO)
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