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| 沙尘气溶胶对半干旱区微气象学特征影响的初步研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 凌肖露,张镭,郭维栋,张仁健.沙尘气溶胶对半干旱区微气象学特征影响的初步研究[J].气候与环境研究,2010,15(3):279-288. |
| 作者姓名： | 凌肖露 张镭 郭维栋 张仁健 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,兰州大学大气科学学院,兰州,730000 2. 南京大学气候与全球变化研究院,南京大学大气科学学院,南京,210093 3. 中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室,北京,100029 |
| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目群KZCX2-YW-Q11-03和国家重点基础研究发展规划项目2006CB400501 |
| 摘 要： | 沙尘气溶胶通过改变地表—大气间的短波及长波辐射从而对地气间热量传输产生影响,进而影响到地表能量收支平衡以及近地面层气象要素的分布。半干旱区是我国干旱化表现最为剧烈的地区,也是沙尘暴频发地区和主要源区之一。本文利用吉林通榆半干旱区国际协调强化观测计划基准站2006年4～6月近地层微气象、地表辐射通量和沙尘气溶胶浓度观测资料,对比分析了该地区在典型沙尘暴天气、扬沙天气和晴朗天气等不同天气状况下近地层各气象要素、地表能量平衡及辐射收支的变化特征。结果表明,沙尘气溶胶对半干旱地区地面微气象学特征及辐射收支具有明显的影响,且表现出不同于干旱区的若干特性:半干旱区沙尘天气下的平均风速比晴天高约2m.s-1,而相对湿度则降低了约35%。相对而言,气温和浅层地温的变化对沙尘的影响响应较弱。半干旱区在沙尘天气时地表净辐射小于晴天,感热/潜热通量分别约占净辐射的55%和30%,分别远大于/远小于晴天时的情形。该地区气溶胶质量浓度与日均感热、相对湿度、潜热等要素具有明显的相关,相关系数分别高达0.70、-0.75和-0.62。相比之下,干旱区沙尘天气时的感热通量要小于晴天时的值,而且气象要素的响应更加剧烈。 |
| 关 键 词： | 沙尘气溶胶 半干旱区 微气象学 辐射收支 |
A Preliminary Study of the Impacts of Dust Aerosols on Micrometeorological Characteristics in Semi-arid Area of China |
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| LING Xiaolu,ZHANG Lei,GUO Weidong and ZHANG Renjian.A Preliminary Study of the Impacts of Dust Aerosols on Micrometeorological Characteristics in Semi-arid Area of China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2010,15(3):279-288. | |
| Authors: | LING Xiaolu ZHANG Lei GUO Weidong and ZHANG Renjian |
| Abstract: | Dust aerosols have distinct impacts on the energy balance of the land surface by adjusting short wave/long wave radiative processes, and thereby affect the meteorological elements over the near surface. In turn, the impacts are reflected by modifying the heat transfer processes between the land surface and the atmosphere. The semi-arid area is known as the most typical region characterized by the remarkable aridity trend. It is also the region in which sandstorm events occur frequently and is regarded as one of the main sources of sandstorms. The enhanced observational meteorological data, radiative fluxes, and concentration of dust aerosols collected from the Tongyu station, one of the international Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) reference sites in the semi-arid region of China from April to June 2006 are used to investigate the differences of meteorological elements and energy budget in this area under different weather conditions, namely, clear days, light storm days, and sand storm days. The results indicate that in the semi-arid area, dust aerosols have significant influences on the meteorological elements and energy balance of the land surface, which is different from the impacts in the arid areas in some aspects. In the semi-arid area, a higher wind speed is identified in the duststorm period than that in clear days, while atmosphere relative humidity is lower in dust days. The land surface receives less net radiation during the duststorm period, as well as the latent/sensible heat fluxes. The correlationships between aerosol concentration and daily mean sensible heat flux, relative humidity, and latent heat flux are significant. During the daytime, the daily mean air temperature responds to sandstorm more significantly, while 2-cm ground temperature responds more significantly at night. It is meaningful that the sensible heat flux is less during duststorm events in the semi-arid area, which is different from the case in the arid region. |
| Keywords: | dust aerosol semi arid region micrometeorology radiation budget |
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