| 2021年春季海洋天气评述 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘达,王慧,黄彬,曹越男,陈博宇.2021年春季海洋天气评述[J].山东气象,2021,41(3):11-23. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘达 王慧 黄彬 曹越男 陈博宇 |
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| 作者单位： | （国家气象中心，北京100081） |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划“ 重大自然灾害监测预警与防范” 重点专项（2018YFC1506402，2019YFC1510102，2018YFC1506904） |
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| 摘 要： | 2021年春季（3—5月）的大气环流特征为：北半球极涡为偶极型分布，极涡较常年平均值偏强，中高纬度西风带呈现4波型。3月，南下冷空气活动偏弱，月内海雾过程频发。4月，北部海域受高压影响，低层形势场稳定，冷空气活动减弱。5月，我国近海受温带气旋影响出现大风天气。春季我国近海出现了5次8级以上大风过程，其中冷空气大风过程2次，冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程1次，温带气旋影响的大风过程2次。春季共有8次海雾过程，3月3次，4月2次，5月3次。近海浪高在2 m以上的海浪过程有8次，大浪日数偏少。西北太平洋和南海共生成2个台风。我国近海的海面温度整体呈上升趋势，东部和南部海域升温明显，南部和北部海域海面温度梯度増加。
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| 关 键 词： | 大风 海雾 冷空气 浪高 海面温度 |
Spring 2021 marine weather review |
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| LIU D,WANG Hui,HUANG Bin,CAO Yuenan,CHEN Boyu.Spring 2021 marine weather review[J].Journal of Shandong Meteorology,2021,41(3):11-23. |
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| Authors: | LIU D WANG Hui HUANG Bin CAO Yuenan CHEN Boyu |
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| Institution: | (National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China) |
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| Abstract: | The main characteristics of the general atmospheric circulation in spring 2021 (from March to May) are as follows. The polar vortex is characterized by a dipole pattern in the Northern Hemisphere and is stronger than average. The westerlies in the middle and high latitudes are in 4-wave pattern. In March, the intensity of southward cold air is weak, leading to frequent sea fog processes. In April, the northern sea area is affected by a high pressure system, the low-level circulation is stable, thus the activity of cold air is weak. In May, due to the influence of extratropical cyclones, there are gale weather processes over offshore areas of China. There are totally 5 gale processes above 8-grade over offshore areas of China in spring, including 2 produced by cold air, 1 jointly induced by cold air and extratropical cyclones, and 2 generated by extratropical cyclones. Eight obvious sea fog processes occur over offshore areas, including three in March, two in April, and three in May. There are 8 rough sea wave processes above two meters, and days of rough sea wave processes are less. Two tropical cyclones are active over westem North Pacific and the South China Sea. The sea surface temperature in the offshore areas of China shows an overall rising trend, while the increasing rates in eastern and southern sea areas are obviously higher, which enhances the sea surface temperature north-south gradient. |
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| Keywords: | gale sea fog cold air wave height sea surface temperature |
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