| 寡照对温室黄瓜花果期生长及产量品质影响研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 薛晓萍,李楠,张继波,熊宇.寡照对温室黄瓜花果期生长及产量品质影响研究[J].山东气象,2020,40(3):77-83. |
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| 作者姓名： | 薛晓萍 李楠 张继波 熊宇 |
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| 作者单位： | （1.山东省气候中心，山东 济南 250031；2.江苏省苏州环境监测中心，江苏 苏州 215008） |
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| 基金项目： | 中国气象局业务建设项目“国内外农作物产量气象预报专项”；十三五山东重大气象工程项目（鲁发改农经〔2017〕97号）；山东省气象局科研项目（2016sdqxm03） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了探讨寡照对日光温室黄瓜花果期生长发育、产量和品质的影响，以黄瓜品种“德瑞特L108”(Cucumis sativusL. cv.Derit L108)为试材，通过不同遮阴日数（1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d）及恢复控制试验，研究寡照对日光温室黄瓜生长及果实品质的影响。结果表明：1）持续寡照日数超过5 d，黄瓜株高和茎粗生长受到显著影响，尤其是茎粗存在变细现象，7 d以上对植株生长影响不可逆。2）黄瓜果实横径、长度生长速率和果重受寡照影响程度存在一定差异，果实上下两端横径长势对寡照较为敏感，连续寡照3 d时影响即达显著水平，可导致上端横径生长速率降低0.87 mm·d-1，下端为0.73～0.99 mm·d-1；果实中部横径和长度增长速率在寡照5 d以上时影响达显著水平，生长速率降低0.88 mm·d-1和0.87～1.00 cm·d-1；与对照（以CK表示）相比，寡照3 d的单果重降低18.7 g，寡照日数每延长1 d，单果重降低2～3 g。3）果实的外观等级受寡照影响较大，1～5 d寡照，特级果比例降低9.4%～43.0%；持续寡照5 d以上二级果和坏果比例明显升高，连续寡照9 d，二级果和坏果比例达到20%和25%；寡照3 d以上，果实含水率与CK差异即达到显著性差异；维生素含量对寡照影响反映敏感，1～5 d寡照，果实维生素含量降低6%左右，7 d以上的寡照日数，则降低10%～13%；寡照持续日数超过5 d，花青素和有机酸含量影响较大；持续寡照日低于7 d时，可溶性糖含量对寡照影响敏感度相对较低，超过7 d其含量达到显著性差异，且寡照日每延长1 d，其含量降低4%。
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| 关 键 词： | 寡照 日光温室 黄瓜 花果期 产量 品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/4/3 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/5/4 0:00:00 |
Effects of sparse sunlight on the growth in the flowering and fruit set stage and the fruit quality of cucumber in solar greenhouse |
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| XUE Xiaoping,LI Nan,ZHANG Jibo,XIONG Yu.Effects of sparse sunlight on the growth in the flowering and fruit set stage and the fruit quality of cucumber in solar greenhouse[J].Journal of Shandong Meteorology,2020,40(3):77-83. |
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| Authors: | XUE Xiaoping LI Nan ZHANG Jibo XIONG Yu |
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| Institution: | (1. Shandong Climate Center, Jinan 250031, China; 2. Suzhou Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215008, China) |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the effects of sparse sunlight on the growth, yield, and quality of cucumber in solar greenhouse, the variety of cucumber Cucumis sativus L. cv. Derit L108 is chosen as an experimental material to examine the effects of different shading treatments (1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, and 9 d) on the growth and fruit quality of cucumber in solar greenhouse during the flowering and fruit set stage. The results are shown below. 1) The plant height and stem diameter of cucumber are significantly influenced by continuous sparse sunlight over 5 d and especially the stem diameter would get thin. The influence of continuous sparse sunlight over 7 d is irreversible. 2) The effects of sparse sunlight on the diameter, growth rate of length, and weight of cucumber fruit are different. The growth trend of the upper and lower diameter of cucumber fruit is more sensitive to sparse sunlight and the effect reaches a significant level in 3 d of continuous sparse sunlight, which is manifested as the growth rate of upper diameter decreasing by 0.87 mm·d-1 and the growth of lower diameter decreasing by a rate between 0.73 mm·d-1 and 0.99 mm·d-1. For the growth trend of the middle diameter and length of cucumber fruit, the effect reaches a significant level by continuous sparse sunlight over 5 d, which is manifested as the growth rate of lower diameter deceasing by 0.88 mm·d-1 and the growth of length decreasing by a rate between 0.87 cm·d-1and 1.00 cm·d-1. Compared with CK (control check), the weight of single cucumber fruit decreases by 18.7 g in 3 d of continuous sparse sunlight, and decreases by a range between 2 g and 3 g for 1 more d of sparse sunlight. 3) The appearance grade of cucumber fruit is greatly affected by sparse sunlight. By continuous sparse sunlight between 1 d and 5 d, the proportion of super class fruit decreases by a range between 9.4% and 43.0%; by continuous sparse sunlight over 5 d, the proportion of second class and bad fruit increases significantly, and the proportion in 9 d of continuous sparse sunlight reaches 20% and 25%, respectively. The difference of water content between the experiment of shading treatment (over 3 d) and CK is significant. The vitamin content is sensitive to sparse sunlight. The vitamin content decreases by about 6% by continuous sparse sunlight between 1 d and 5 d and decreases by a range between 10% and 13% by continuous sparse sunlight over 7 d. The influence of continuous sparse sunlight over 5 d on the content of anthocyanin and organic acid is great. The sensitivity of soluble sugar content to continuous sparse sunlight less than 7 d is low, while the sensitivity to sparse sunlight over 7 d is significant, and the soluble sugar content deceases by 4% for 1 more d of sparse sunlight. |
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| Keywords: | sparse sunlight solar greenhouse cucumber flowering and fruit set stage yield fruit quality |
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