| 11月初北黄海一次海龙卷风暴的中尺度特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 周淑玲,闫景鹏,丛美环. 月初北黄海一次海龙卷风暴的中尺度特征分析[J].海洋气象学报,.11月初北黄海一次海龙卷风暴的中尺度特征分析[J].山东气象,2020,40(4):42-51. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周淑玲 闫景鹏 丛美环. 月初北黄海一次海龙卷风暴的中尺度特征分析[J].海洋气象学报 |
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| 作者单位： | （1.威海市气象局，山东 威海 264200； 2.济南市章丘区气象局，山东 济南 250200） |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省气象局科研项目（2019sdqxm21）；环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目（QYXM201708） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用多普勒天气雷达资料及反演风场和常规观测资料，对2014年11月2日发生在北黄海（山东半岛北部海上）一次罕见海龙卷风暴的中尺度特征进行了分析。结果表明：冷空气、暖湿海面热力边界、山东半岛北部近海岸西北风与偏西风的辐合线是海龙卷风暴发生的天气背景。海龙卷风暴发生时雷达回波PPI最大分贝反射率因子为60 dBZ，高度为2.0 km，最高风暴顶为4.5 km，最大垂直累积液态水含量VIL为21 kg·m-2。利用雷达反演风场进行中尺度特征分析，结果表明：在海龙卷风暴发生发展过程中，低层风辐合对应4.0 km高度上是风辐散，海上有较强的偏南暖湿气流输送到雷暴区。中尺度动力特征：最大正涡度和散度辐合在1.0 km以下，低层正涡度和散度辐合、高层散度辐散是雷暴发生初期动力特征；低层没有正涡度和散度辐合、高层为正涡度和散度辐合是雷暴开始发展的动力特征；低层和高层为大的正涡度和散度辐合是雷暴成熟阶段的动力特征。高空冷空气叠加上低空强的偏南气流，造成局地涡度加大和低层辐合加强，使低层暖湿气流倾斜上升。海龙卷与辐合区的冷空气和暖湿气流有关。
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| 关 键 词： | 海龙卷 龙卷 中尺度特征 山东半岛 多普勒雷达反演风场 北黄海 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/7/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/10/27 0:00:00 |
Analysis of mesoscale characteristics of a waterspout storm over northern Yellow Sea in early November |
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| ZHOU Shuling,YAN Jingpeng,CONG Meihuan.Analysis of mesoscale characteristics of a waterspout storm over northern Yellow Sea in early November[J].Journal of Shandong Meteorology,2020,40(4):42-51. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Shuling YAN Jingpeng CONG Meihuan |
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| Institution: | (1. Weihai Meteorological Bureau, Weihai 264200, China; 2. Zhangqiu Meteorological Bureau of Jinan, Jinan 250200, China) |
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| Abstract: | Using Doppler weather radar data, retrieved wind field by single radar, and routine sounding and surface observations, the mesoscale characteristics of the occurrence and evolution of a waterspout storm over the northern Yellow Sea (off the coast of northern Shandong Peninsula) on 2 November 2014 are analyzed. Results show the incoming cold air, thermal boundary of the warm and moist air from the Yellow Sea, and convergence line between northwesterly and westerly winds on the coast of northern Shandong Peninsula are conducive to the occurrence of the waterspout storm. When the waterspout storms occurs, the maximum decibel reflectivity factor of radar PPI is 60 dBZ, the height of the maximum reflectivity is 2.0 km, the highest top of the storm is 4.5 km, and the maximum vertically integrated liquid (VIL) is 21 kg·m-2. The mesoscale characteristics of the wind field retrieved by single radar show there is wind convergence in the lower layer corresponding to wind divergence at 4.0 km and stronger southerly warm and moist air is conveyed from sea areas to the thunderstorm area during the occurrence and development of the waterspout storm. Mesoscale dynamic characteristics are that the maximum positive vorticity and convergence are below 1.0 km, and the dynamic characteristics at the initial stage of thunderstorm are positive vorticity and convergence in the lower layer and divergence field in the upper layer; the dynamic characteristics of developing thunderstorm are positive vorticity and convergence in the upper layer while there are no positive vorticity and convergence in the lower layer; the dynamic characteristics of mature thunderstorm are positive vorticity and convergence in the lower and upper layer. The cold air in the upper layer and the strong southerly air flow in the lower layer result in higher local vorticity and stronger convergence in the lower layer, which makes the warm and moist air in the lower layer ascend slantwise. The waterspout relates to the cold air and warm and moist air flow in the convergence area. |
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| Keywords: | waterspout tornado mesoscale characteristics Shandong Peninsula retrieved wind field by single Doppler radar northern Yellow Sea |
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