| 变性台风“麦德姆”(1410)环流中的锋生现象及其对降水的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 梁军,丛春华,张胜军,张黎红,赛瀚.变性台风“麦德姆”(1410)环流中的锋生现象及其对降水的影响[J].山东气象,2017,37(4):49-57. |
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| 作者姓名： | 梁军 丛春华 张胜军 张黎红 赛瀚 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 大连市气象台，辽宁 大连 116001； 2. 山东省气象台，山东 济南 250031； 3. 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（2015CB452804）；国家自然科学基金项目（41475055，41175063，41575063）；环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目（QYXM201501，QYXM201612，QYXM201615）；大连市科技计划项目（2014E21SF009）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2013DQ009） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用中国气象局热带气旋年鉴、FY-2D（0.1°×0.1°）云顶亮温、逐时自动气象站降雨量、常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，运用锋生函数对台风“麦德姆”（Matmo，1410）影响辽东半岛和山东半岛期间的降水特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明：1）Matmo影响辽东半岛和山东半岛期间，其低压环流与西风带高空槽相互作用，在其西侧和东北侧分别有冷锋和暖锋锋生，两条锋带均向东移。强锋生区首先在低层生成，随后尽管高空锋区向下延伸，但并未与低层冷锋重合，低层冷锋锋生强度减弱。2）山东半岛和辽东半岛的降水均发生在台风低压环流的锋生过程中，但山东半岛的降水明显多于辽东半岛。这与锋生强度密切相关，辽东半岛的锋生强度和垂直运动较山东半岛明显偏弱。3）强降水与台风环流内冷、暖平流活动密切相关，冷暖平流交汇之处对强降水有较好的示踪作用。山东半岛始终处于冷暖平流交汇处，其西侧斜压不稳定加强，上升运动发展，强降水出现在冷锋带上暖平流区内；而辽东半岛由冷平流转为暖平流时，对流运动向其东北方向发展，强降水位于辽东半岛东北部。
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| 关 键 词： | 台风 降水 变性过程 锋生 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/6/7 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/8/8 0:00:00 |
Frontogenesis phenomenon in circulation of typhoon Matmo(1410) during its extratropical transition process and its impact on precipitation |
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| Institution: | 1. Dalian Meteorological Observatory, Dalian 116001, China; 2. Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 250031, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the Tropical Cyclone Yearbook of China Meteorological Administration, FY-2D 0.1°×0.1° cloud top brightness temperature data, hourly rainfall observations from automatic weather stations(AWS), conventional observational data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the frontogenesis function is used to carry on the diagnostic analysis to the features of rainfall during typhoon Matmo(1410) affecting Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula. Results show that:1)Matmo experienced extratropical transition when approaching westerly trough and frontogenesis zones, which is found in the lower layer of typhoon circulation. During the Matmo impacts on Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula, there is an interaction of low pressure circulation and westerly trough. The characteristics are different between the northeastern frontal zone and the western frontal zone. The former has warm front feature and the later has the cold front feature. Both of the front zones move eastward. The frontogenesis zone in ring form that is wrapped up the typhoon center does not appear in the lower layer of typhoon circulation. The strong frontogenesis appears in the lower layer at the beginning, then the frontogenesis area in higher layer propagates downward, but it does not coincided with the lower layer cold front, weakening the frontogenesis intensity of lower layer cold front. 2)Both of the precipitation over Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong peninsula appear in the frontogenesis process of the typhoon low pressure circulation, but the precipitation in Shandong Peninsula is much more than that in Liaodong Peninsula. The close relationships between the precipitation and the frontogenesis are found. The frontogenesis and the ascending motion in Shandong Peninsula are stronger than those in Liaodong Peninsula, resulting in more severe precipitation correspondingly. 3)The strong rain belt is closely related to the thermal advection activities in the typhoon circulation, and the joint area of warm and cold air advection in the lower layer has good tracing effect on heavy rainfall. Shandong Peninsula always locates in the joint area of warm and cold air advection in the lower layer, possessing the remarkable baroclinic instability and the deep vertical motion, and the strong precipitation occurs in the warm air advection region of cold front zone. When it changes from cold advection to warm advection in the lower layer in Liaodong Peninsula, the strong rainfall and the convection activity mainly occurs in the northeast part of Liaodong Peninsula. |
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| Keywords: | typhoon precipitation extratropical transition process frontogenesis |
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