| A Heavy Sea Fog Event over the Yellow Sea in March 2005： Analysis and Numerical Modeling |
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| 引用本文： | 高山红,林行,沈飙,傅刚.A Heavy Sea Fog Event over the Yellow Sea in March 2005： Analysis and Numerical Modeling[J].大气科学进展,2007,24(1):65-81. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高山红 林行 沈飙 傅刚 |
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| 作者单位： | [1]Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003 [2]Qingdao Meteorology Observatory, Qingdao 266003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) |
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| 摘 要： | In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility along the Shandong Peninsula coast to 100 m or much less at some sites. Satellite images, surface observations and soundings at islands and coasts, and analyses from the Japan Meteorology Agency （JMA） axe used to describe and analyze this event. The analysis indicates that this sea fog can be categorized as advection cooling fog. The main features of this sea fog including fog area and its movement axe reasonably reproduced by the Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model （MM5）. Model results suggest that the formation and evolution of this event can be outlined as： （1） southerly warm/moist advection of low-level air resulted in a strong sea-surface-based inversion with a thickness of about 600 m; （2） when the inversion moved from the warmer East Sea to the colder Yellow Sea, a thermal internal boundary layer （TIBL） gradually formed at the base of the inversion while the sea fog grew in response to cooling and moistening by turbulence mixing; （3） the sea fog developed as the TIBL moved northward and （4） strong northerly cold and dry wind destroyed the TIBL and dissipated the sea fog. The principal findings of this study axe that sea fog forms in response to relatively persistent southerly waxm/moist wind and a cold sea surface, and that turbulence mixing by wind shear is the primary mechanism for the cooling and moistening the marine layer. In addition, the study of sensitivity experiments indicates that deterministic numerical modeling offers a promising approach to the prediction of sea fog over the Yellow Sea but it may be more efficient to consider ensemble numerical modeling because of the extreme sensitivity to model input.
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| 关 键 词： | 浓重海雾事件 黄海 数值模型 2005年春季 可见度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-10-19 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-05-30 |
A heavy sea fog event over the Yellow Sea in March 2005: Analysis and numerical modeling |
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| Gao?Shanhong,Lin?Hang,Shen?Biao,Fu?Gang.A heavy sea fog event over the Yellow Sea in March 2005: Analysis and numerical modeling[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2007,24(1):65-81. |
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| Authors: | Gao Shanhong Lin Hang Shen Biao Fu Gang |
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| Institution: | Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003,Qingdao Meteorology Observatory, Qingdao 266003,Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003,Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003 |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated.The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility along the Shandong Peninsula coast to 100 m or much less at some sites. Satellite images, surface observations and soundings at islands and coasts, and analyses from the Japan Meteorology Agency (JMA) are used to describe and analyze this event. The analysis indicates that this sea fog can be categorized as advection cooling fog. The main features of this sea fog including fog area and its movement are reasonably reproduced by the Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). Model results suggest that the formation and evolution of this event can be outlined as:(1) southerly warm/moist advection of low-level air resulted in a strong sea-surface-based inversion with a thickness of about 600 m; (2) when the inversion moved from the warmer East Sea to the colder Yellow Sea, a thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) gradually formed at the base of the inversion while the sea fog grew in response to cooling and moistening by turbulence mixing; (3) the sea fog developed as the TIBL moved northward and (4) strong northerly cold and dry wind destroyed the TIBL and dissipated the sea fog. The principal findings of this study are that sea fog forms in response to relatively persistent southerly warm/moist wind and a cold sea surface, and that turbulence mixing by wind shear is the primary mechanism for the cooling and moistening the marine layer. In addition, the study of sensitivity experiments indicates that deterministic numerical modeling offers a promising approach to the prediction of sea fog over the Yellow Sea but it may be more efficient to consider ensemble numerical modeling because of the extreme sensitivity to model input. |
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| Keywords: | sea fog Yellow Sea numerical modeling MM5 sensitivity experiments |
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