| 地形对地转适应和锋生的影响 |
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| 作者姓名： | Fang Juan Wu Rongsheng |
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| 作者单位： | The Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Sever Weather MOE, Nanjing University,
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| 基金项目： | the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant49735180，the State Key Basic Program: CHERES. |
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| 摘 要： | 作者的目的是分析地形对由于热力差异所引起的局地锋生现象和地转适应过程的影响．为此，分别用零位涡流和均匀位涡流来近似代替实际大气，并借助位涡、绝对动量、位温的守恒关系，就地形对适应锋生和适应过程中能量转换等问题进行了简单讨论。初始位温扰动的水平分布及其相对于地形的位置对适应锋生有重要影响。当初始热力扰动主要位于地形迎风坡山脚时，地形不利于锋面形成，这时要形成锋面不连续，初始位温梯度的水平变化必须非常显著；当初始热力扰动主要位于山顶附近时，地形促进流体运动的辐合，有利于锋面不连续的形成，这时即使初始位温梯度的水平变化不是很大，也可能会形成锋面；当初始热力扰动主要位于背风坡时，地形是否有利于锋面不连续的形成取决于流体的层结情况，如果流体的基本层结很弱，地形促进锋面不连续的形成，反之，地形不利于锋面不连续的形成，这种差异主要是由于在这两种情况下，地形引起的下沉增温效应的强弱是不同的。另外，地形对地转适应过程中动能和位能之间的能量转换率也有影响，与没有地形的情况相比，当初始热力差异显著区位于迎风坡时，能量转换率减小，当不平衡场位于背风坡时，能量转换率增加，原因是在迎风坡流体要克服重力作功，在背风坡重力对流体作正功。
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| 关 键 词： | 地形 地转适应 锋生 |
| 收稿时间： | 2 June 2000 |
Topographic effect on geostrophic adjustment and frontogenesis |
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| Fang Juan,Wu Rongsheng.Topographic effect on geostrophic adjustment and frontogenesis[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2001,18(4):524-538. |
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| Authors: | Fang Juan Wu Rongsheng |
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| Institution: | The Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Sever Weather MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,The Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Sever Weather MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 |
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| Abstract: | Three conservative principles: potential vorticity, absolute momentum and potential temperature are used to study the influence of topography on the local frontogenesis and geostrophic adjustment, which are induced by the inhomogeneous thermal fields. It is found that the horizontal distribution of the initial potential temperature and its position relative to the mountain play important roles during the geostrophic adjustment and local frontogenesis. The frontogenesis is weakened by the mountain when the initial thermal perturbation is located at the base of the upwind slope. The frontal discontinuity cannot occur unless the horizontal contrast of the initial potential temperature is great enough. Whereas, the situation is opposite when the initial thermal disturbance is mainly situated near the peak of the mountain. Complementary to the aforementioned cases, the effect of topography on the frontogenesis depends on the stratification of the flow when the initial thermal disturbance lies at the foot of lee slope. For weak stratification, topography is favorable to the formation of frontal discontinuity, vice versa. This discrepancy is attributed to the difference of subsidence warming, caused by the mountain, when the stratification is either strong or weak. Furthermore, the energy conversion ratio between the kinetic and potential energy during the geostrophic adjustment process is also affected by the topography. In contrast to the flat bottom case, the ratio is reduced (increased) when the initial thermal perturbation lies in the up-wind slope (lee slope). The reason is that the gravity force does negative work in the former case while does positive work in the latter case. |
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| Keywords: | Topography Geostrophic adjustment Frontogenesis |
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