| Intermediately Complex Models for the Hydrological Interactions in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil System |
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| 作者姓名： | 曾晓东 王爱慧 曾庆存 |
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| 作者单位： | [1]The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA [2]University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada [3]Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing [4]Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing [5]Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金，NOAA Office of Global Programs;NASA，U. S. National Science foundation，Chinese Academy of Sciences' Overseas Assessor's Grant，WMO fellowship，Well-Known Overseas Chinese Scholar Grant |
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| 摘 要： | This paper investigates the hydrological interactions in the atmosphere-evegetation-soil system by using the bucket model and several new simplified intermediately complex models. The results of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations show that these models, despite their simplicity, can very clearly reveal the essential features of the rather complex hydrological system of atmosphere-ecosystem-soil. For given atmospheric variables, these models clearly demonstrate multiple timescales, the “red shift” of response spectra, multi-equilibria and limit cycles, bifurcation, abrupt change, self-organization, recovery, “desertification”, and chaos. Most of these agree with observations. Especially, the weakening of “shading effect” of living canopy and the wilted biomass might be a major mechanism leading to the desertification in a relatively short period due to overgrazing, and the desertification in a relatively long period or in climate of change might be due to both Charney’s mechanism and the shading effect. These ideas could be validated with further numerical simulations. In the paper, some methods for improving the estimation of timescales in the soil water evolution responding to the forcing are also proposed.
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| 关 键 词： | 水文变化 交互作用 均衡 混沌 荒漠化 土壤 大气 植被 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-06-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-07-22 |
Intermediately complex models for the hydrological interactions in the atmosphere-vegetation-soil system |
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| Xiaodong Zeng,Aihui Wang,Qingcun Zeng,Robert E. Dickinson,Xubin Zeng,Samuel S. P. Shen.Intermediately Complex Models for the Hydrological Interactions in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil System[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2006,23(1):127-140. |
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| Authors: | Xiaodong Zeng Aihui Wang Qingcun Zeng Robert E Dickinson Xubin Zeng Samuel S P Shen |
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| Institution: | The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA,The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA,University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada |
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| Abstract: | This paper investigates the hydrological interactions in the atmosphere-evegetation-soil system by using the bucket model and several new simplified intermediately complex models. The results of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations show that these models, despite their simplicity, can very clearly reveal the essential features of the rather complex hydrological system of atmosphere-ecosystem-soil. For given atmospheric variables, these models clearly demonstrate multiple timescales, the "red shift" of response spectra, multi-equilibria and limit cycles, bifurcation, abrupt change, self-organization, recovery, "desertification", and chaos. Most of these agree with observations. Especially, the weakening of "shading effect"of living canopy and the wilted biomass might be a major mechanism leading to the desertification in a relatively short period due to overgrazing, and the desertification in a relatively long period or in climate of change might be due to both Charney's mechanism and the shading effect. These Ideas could be validated with further numerical simulations. In the paper, some methods for improving the estimation of timescales in the soil water evolution responding to the forcing are also proposed. |
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| Keywords: | Atmosphere-vegetation-soil system hydrological process multi-equilibria chaos desertification shading effect |
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