| 中国东北地区重污染事件气溶胶浓度变化与天气形势分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 马雁军,赵胡笳,刘宇飞,李晓岚,王扬锋,张云海,洪也.中国东北地区重污染事件气溶胶浓度变化与天气形势分析[J].气象与环境学报,2021,37(5):13-19. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马雁军 赵胡笳 刘宇飞 李晓岚 王扬锋 张云海 洪也 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 1101662. 哈尔滨市气象台, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150028 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0212301);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41730647) |
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| 摘 要： | 近年来中国东北地区污染事件频发，为揭示该地区重污染天气分布特征，利用2014—2017年中国东北地区40个城市空气质量数据及对应的高低空天气形势资料，统计分析得到中国东北地区大气污染状况的变化特征以及区域重污染事件的天气学特征。结果表明：2015—2017年中国东北地区PM2.5和PM10年平均质量浓度呈下降趋势，其中PM2.5年平均质量浓度下降的更快，PM2.5最大值出现在辽宁和吉林中部地区约为90—100 μg·m-3，SO2年平均质量浓度较高值分布在辽宁西部地区约为50 μg·m-3，而NO2最大值出现在沈阳—长春—哈尔滨一带，约为45 μg·m-3，CO质量浓度最大值分布在东北沿海地区约为1.6 mg·m-3，相反中国东北地区O3年平均质量浓度呈上升趋势，最大值出现在沿海的大连及营口等地，约为100 μg·m-3。污染物浓度变化具有鲜明的季节变化特征，不同地区PM2.5和PM10与AQI最大值均出现在冬季，SO2冬季质量浓度最大值出现在沈阳（180 μg·m-3），NO2与CO冬季最大值出现在哈尔滨（80 μg·m-3，1.8 mg·m-3）。相反，O3最大值出现在夏季沈阳地区约为140—150 μg·m-3。重度污染级别（200 μg·m-3≤PM2.5 < 300 μg·m-3）和严重污染级别（PM2.5>300 μg·m-3）的空气质量表现出以哈尔滨为中心，向周围迅速减少，辽宁中部又略有增加的特征；中度污染（150 μg·m-3≤PM2.5 < 200 μg·m-3）的天数沈阳>哈尔滨>长春，轻度污染（100 μg·m-3≤PM2.5 < 150 μg·m-3）的天数是沈阳>长春>哈尔滨。引发中国东北地区重污染的天气形势大致可分为高压型，低压型和北高南低型3种，出现比例分别为62%、27%和11%；高压型850 hPa高压脊东移经过中国东北地区，地面处于高压南部或弱高压中心，有时在黑龙江北部或辽宁西南部连续有弱小的低压生成并快速东移过境；低压型850 hPa低压系统发展并东移经过中国东北地区，地面处于低压后弱高压中；北高南低型850 hPa和地面中国东北地区受北面高压和南面低压的共同影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 中国东北地区 大气重污染 天气形势 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-12 |
Analysis of aerosol concentration variation and weather characteristics of heavy pollution events in northeast China |
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| Yan-jun MA,Hu-jia ZHAO,Yu-fei LIU,Xiao-lan LI,Yang-feng WANG,Yun-hai ZHANG,Ye HONG.Analysis of aerosol concentration variation and weather characteristics of heavy pollution events in northeast China[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2021,37(5):13-19. |
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| Authors: | Yan-jun MA Hu-jia ZHAO Yu-fei LIU Xiao-lan LI Yang-feng WANG Yun-hai ZHANG Ye HONG |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, CMA, Shenyang 110166, China2. Harbin Meteorological Observatory, Harbin 150028, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the data of air quality in cities in northeast China and the weather situation from 2014 to 2017, the changes in air pollution in Northeast China and the distribution characteristics of heavy pollution weather situation were analyzed. The results show that from 2015 to 2017, the annual average mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in Northeast China demonstrate a decreasing trend, and the annual average mass concentration of PM2.5 decreases faster. The maximum value of PM2.5 is about 90-100 μg·m-3 in central Liaoning and Jilin provinces. The average annual mass concentration of SO2 is about 50 μg·m-3 in the western Liaoning province, while the maximum value of NO2 is about 45 μg·m-3 in the Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin area, and the maximum value of CO mass concentration is about 1.6 mg·m-3 in the northeast coastal area. On the other hand, the average annual mass concentration of O3 in Northeast China is increasing. The maximum value is about 100 μg·m-3 in Dalian and Yingkou cities. The maximum values of PM2.5, PM10, and AQI in different areas all appear in winter. The maximum values of SO2 mass concentration in winter appear in Shenyang city with 180 μg·m-3. The maximum values of NO2 and CO in winter appear in Harbin city with 80 μg·m-3 and 1.8 mg·m-3, respectively. The maximum value of O3 is about 140-150 μg·m-3 in summer in Shenyang city. The air quality with severe (200 μg·m-3 ≤ PM2.5 < 300μg·m-3) and more severe (PM2.5>300 μg·m-3) pollution levels show the characteristics of a rapid decrease around Harbin city, and a slight increase in the central Liaoning province. The cities with moderate pollution (150 μg·m-3 ≤ PM2.5 < 200 μg·m-3) days in descending order are Shenyang, Harbin, and Changchun, and with light pollution (100 μg·m-3 ≤ PM2.5 < 150 μg·m-3) in descending order days are Shenyang, Changchun, and Harbin. The weather conditions causing heavy pollution in Northeast China can be divided into three types: high-pressure type, low-pressure type, and high in the north and low in the south type, with the proportion of 62%, 27%, and 11%, respectively. For the high-pressure type, the high-pressure ridge at 850 hPa moves east over Northeast China, and the near ground is in the south or weak high-pressure center. Sometimes in the north of Heilongjiang province or southwest of Liaoning province, a weak low pressure is continuously generated and rapidly moved eastward. For the low-pressure type, the low-pressure system at 850 hPa develops and moves eastward through Northeast China, and the near ground is in a weak high pressure after a low pressure. For the high in north and low in south type, the Northeast region is influenced by both North high pressure and South low pressure at 850 hPa and the near ground. |
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| Keywords: | Northeast China Heavy air pollution Weather situation |
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