| 2017年冬季长沙一次重度霾污染天气过程气象成因分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 周莉,兰明才,张舰齐,周慧,唐杰,许霖,文萍.2017年冬季长沙一次重度霾污染天气过程气象成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,2019,35(3):45-51. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周莉 兰明才 张舰齐 周慧 唐杰 许霖 文萍 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南省气象台,湖南 长沙,410118;国防科技大学气象海洋学院,湖南 长沙,410073 |
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| 基金项目： | 湖南省气象局预报员专项（XQKJ18C011）、2019年中国气象局预报员专项（CMAYBY2019-078、CMAYBY2019-076）、2018年中国气象局预报员专项（CMAYBY2018-050）和湖南省气象局短平快（XQKJ19B062）共同资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用空气质量监测资料、常规气象资料,根据气象条件的水平和垂直扩散能力,以及地面湿度和动力条件等分析了2017年1月27—29日长沙地区这次严重空气污染事件的污染特征。结果表明:污染发生时段,南支槽不断加深东移,槽前势力强盛的西南气流将孟加拉湾一带的水汽向长沙地区输送,进一步增加了该地区的空气湿度。同时,持续东移的脊前暖平流对长沙中低层大气增温有显著影响,为稳定的大气层结创造了有利条件。长沙处于弱高压的底后部,受大范围的弱鞍型场及均压场控制,地面有暖倒槽发展,且由于高压较弱,导致地面和低空的风速较小,不利于污染物的水平扩散,同时有利于夜间地面的辐射降温。稳定的大气环流形势为霾天气和严重污染提供了持续稳定的大气环境场,逆温结构和稳定温度层结在一定程度上减弱了大气在垂直方向上的湍流交换和热力对流,大气中的污染颗粒不易扩散,为此次污染事件的维持、加剧提供了重要的气象条件。长沙地区处在罗霄山脉和雪峰山脉之间的湘江故地,受周边地形阻挡的影响,污染物在下沉气流的控制下聚集到长沙地区后,很难通过水平输送离开,这也是造成此次霾污染的原因之一。
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| 关 键 词： | 长沙地区 重度霾污染 气象成因 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-12-21 |
Characteristics and causes of a heavy haze event in Changsha during winter of 2017 |
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| ZHOU Li,LAN Ming-cai,ZHANG Jian-qi,ZHOU Hui,TANG Jie,XU Lin,WEN Ping.Characteristics and causes of a heavy haze event in Changsha during winter of 2017[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2019,35(3):45-51. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Li LAN Ming-cai ZHANG Jian-qi ZHOU Hui TANG Jie XU Lin WEN Ping |
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| Institution: | 1. Hu'nan Meteorological Observatory, Changsha 410118, China;2. College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense and Technology, Changsha 410118, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on air quality monitoring data and conventional meteorological observations,the characteristics of a heavy haze event in Changsha region on January 27 to 29,2017 was analyzed,including the vertical and horizontal dispersion,surface humidity and dynamical conditions.The results showed that a southern branch trough deepens and moves eastwards during the pollution period,and strong southwesterly flows ahead of the trough transport water vapor from the Bay of Bengal to Changsha,which further increases air humidity in this region.Meanwhile,warm advection ahead of a ridge that continuously moves eastwards greatly impacts on the increase of temperature in the middle and lower levels of atmosphere,which is favorable for the formation of the stable atmospheric stratification.Changsha is located at the bottom of a weak high pressure and controlled by a weak saddle pattern of pressure field,leading to the development of a warm inverted surface trough.Weak winds at the surface and in the low-level atmosphere due to the weak high pressure suppress the horizontal dispersion of air pollutants and favors the surface radiation cooling at night.Stable atmospheric circulation provides steady and stable atmospheric environment for the formation of severe haze pollution.Temperature inversion and stable stratification weaken vertical turbulence exchange and turbulent convection.The weak dilution of particle favors the persistence and enhancement of this pollution event.In addition,Changsha is located between the Luoxiao mountains and the Xuefeng mountains.Such a local surrounding terrain blocks the subsequently horizontal transport of air pollutants after accumulating in Changsha region due to the descending airflows,which is also a major reason for the occurrence of this haze pollution event. |
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| Keywords: | Changsha region Severe haze pollution Meteorological cause |
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