| 基于雨强分级的乌鲁木齐雨滴谱特征研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨涛,张祖熠,杨莲梅.基于雨强分级的乌鲁木齐雨滴谱特征研究[J].新疆气象,2022,16(4):64-71. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨涛 张祖熠 杨莲梅 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划“中亚极端降水演变特征及预报方法研究 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文利用乌鲁木齐PARSIVAL激光雨滴谱仪2012-2013年观测资料，对春、夏、秋季不同雨强降雨的雨滴谱微物理特征参量及其随时间演变特征、Gamma函数拟合、 关系等进行研究。结果表明：（1）乌鲁木齐降雨以小粒子为主，大雨强降雨的6种特征直径最大，中雨强降雨次之，小雨强降雨最小。雨滴数密度主要来自于小雨滴（直径<1 mm），大雨滴（直径>3mm）是雨强的主要贡献者，中雨滴（直径1-3 mm）是含水量和雷达反射率因子的主要贡献者，雷达反射率因子受雨滴尺寸影响很大。（2）小雨强降雨各微物理参量比较稳定，变化幅度不大，大雨强降雨则变化剧烈，出现多峰型，中雨强降雨介于二者之间。大雨强降雨的谱宽和峰值浓度最大，小雨强降雨最小，中雨强降雨介于二者之间，小雨强降雨的拟合谱具有明显的季节差异性；秋季峰值浓度最大，这与秋季多大风天气有关。（3）Gamma拟合参数 关系与粒子尺寸有关，可以用二项式进行描述。拟合出的 关系系数均小于目前常用的 关系，因此，利用 关系在乌鲁木齐进行降雨定量估测研究时会造成对降雨强度的高估，回波强度越大，高估越明显。夏季大雨强降雨无法拟合出相关系数比较高的 关系，这与乌鲁木齐大雨强降雨具有强度大、时间短、随时间变化迅速的特点有关。
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| 关 键 词： | 乌鲁木齐 雨滴谱 微物理参量 Gamma分布 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/10/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/2/21 0:00:00 |
Microphysical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution Based on Rain Intensity in Urumqi |
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| Institution: | Climate Center of XinJiang,, |
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| Abstract: | Based on the observation data of parsival laser raindrop spectrometer in Urumqi from 2012 to 2013, this paper studies the microphysical characteristic parameters of raindrop spectrum based on different rain intensity in spring, summer and autumn, their evolution characteristics with time, gamma function fitting and relationship. The results show that (1) the precipitation in Urumqi is dominated by small particles, and the six characteristics diameters of heavy rainfall are the largest, followed bymoderate rainfall, and the light rainfall is the smallest. Raindrop number density mainly comes from small raindrops (diameter < 1), large raindrops (diameter > 3) are the main contributors to rain intensity, medium raindrops (diameter 1-3) are the main contributors to water content and radar reflectivity factor, and radar reflectivity factor is greatly affected by raindrop size. (2) The microphysical parameters of light rainfall are relatively stable with little change, while heavy rainfall varies dramatically with multi-peak pattern, and moderate rainfall is between the both. The spectral width and peak concentration of heavy rainfall are the largest, that of light rainfall is the smallest, and that of moderate rainfall is between them.The fitting spectrum of light rainfall has obvious seasonal differences; the peak concentration in autumn is the largest, which is related to the windy weather in autumn. (3) The Gamma fitting parameter relationship is related to the particle size and can be described by a binomial equation. The fitted relationship coefficient is smaller than the commonly used relationship. Therefore, the useof the relationship in quantitative estimation of rainfall in Urumqi will lead to an overestimation of rainfall intensity. The greater the echo intensity, the more obvious the overestimation. The heavy rainfall in summer cannot fit the relationship with high correlation coefficient, which is related to the characteristics of heavy rainfall in Urumqi, such as high intensity, short time and rapid change with time. |
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| Keywords: | Urumqi raindrop size distribution microphysical parameters Gamma distribution |
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