| 青藏高原边坡临夏地区短时强降水时空分布及海拔特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 马玉坤,马俊强,李菲,马旭洁.青藏高原边坡临夏地区短时强降水时空分布及海拔特征分析[J].新疆气象,2022,16(3):16-23. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马玉坤 马俊强 李菲 马旭洁 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省临夏回族自治州气象局,甘肃省临夏回族自治州气象局,甘肃省临夏回族自治州气象局,甘肃省临夏回族自治州气象局 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用青藏高原边坡临夏地区6个国家级自动气象站和66个乡镇区域自动气象站2010—2019年5—9月逐小时降水资料，详细分析了临夏地区短时强降水的时空分布及海拔地形特征，结果表明：近10 a短时强降水频次总体呈上升趋势，短时强降水频次与西太副高脊线位置和北界位置有密切关系。短时强降水主要发生在5—9月，集中时段为7月中旬到8月中旬，19:00～23:00为高发时段，属于傍晚型和夜雨型。近10 a临夏地区短时强降水的极端性逐年增大，单站年均频次在0.2～2.6次之间，平均为0.8次，短时强降水空间分布差异较大，总体呈西南多、东部和北部少，山区多、川区少的分布特征。临夏地区降水分布与海拔高度有明显关系，5—9月平均降水量随海拔高度升高而增大，不同海拔地形下短时强降水频次分布呈现两个极端：海拔较高的山地喇叭口地形区域和海拔较低的河谷地区，是临夏地区汛期短时强降水的重点关注区域。
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| 关 键 词： | 临夏地区 短时强降水 时空分布 海拔特征 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/8/27 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/10/25 0:00:00 |
Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Short-time Strong Rainfall and its Altitude Distrbution in Linxia at Plateau Slope |
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| Abstract: | Based on hourly precipitation data at 6 national automatic weather stations and 66 township regional automatic weather stations from May to September during 2010 to 2019, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of short-time strong rainfall in detail was discussed, combined with influences of altitude and plateau slope topography on short-time strong rainfall in Linxia area on plateau slope.The frequency has an upward trend in recent 10 years, and is related to the location of the ridge line and the northern boundary of the western Pacific subtropical high. The short-time heavy rainfall mainly occurs from May to September, the concentrated period is from mid-July to mid-August, from 19:00 to 23:00 is the high frequency period, and it belongs to the evening and the night rain type. The extremeness has increased , the average annual frequency of a single station is between 0.2 and 2.6, 0.8 times on average, the spatial distribution is higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast, higher in mountainous areas and lower in valley areas. The average precipitation increases with the altitude. The mountainous trumpet area with higher altitude and the valley area with lower altitude are the focus areas in flood season. |
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