| 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘两次极端暴雨的气流模型与水汽输送特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 李如琦,李桉孛,李海花,李娜.塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘两次极端暴雨的气流模型与水汽输送特征[J].新疆气象,2022,16(6):1-10. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李如琦 李桉孛 李海花 李娜 |
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| 作者单位： | 新疆气象台,新疆气象台,新疆气象台,新疆气象台 |
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| 摘 要： | 采用区域自动站逐小时降水观测数据、GPS/MET大气可降水量观测数据和NCEP/NCAR提供的FNL0.25°×0.25°分析数据,通过对比塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘和田地区2次落区接近、强度不同暴雨过程的环流和水汽特征,分析了影响极端暴雨产生的急流和水汽因子特征,结果表明：沙漠南缘暴雨时环流配置符合“三支气流”模型,高空急流、中层偏南风、低层辐合切变的强度与降水量正相关,当高层有极涡直接南伸至中亚发展而成的副热带大槽、中层有气旋前部的强偏南或西南气流、低层有偏东风急流明显西伸与西风急流形成强辐合时有利于出现极端暴雨。沙漠南缘暴雨的水汽源地、输送路径、水汽含量、饱和层厚度与降水量相关,暴雨的水汽源地一般为欧洲和北冰洋,降水区水汽输入以中低层为主,低层比湿大于6 g?kg-1,饱和层位于700 hPa以上;当中高层有来自阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾的由偏南风输送水汽的加入,低层比湿达8 g?kg-1以上、饱和层扩展至750 hPa以下时,可出现极端暴雨。
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| 关 键 词： | 极端暴雨 急流 水汽收支 气流模型 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/9/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/10/12 0:00:00 |
Air Flow Model and Water Vapor Transport Characteristics of Two Extreme Rainstorms in the Southern Edge of Taklimakan Desert |
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| LI Ruqi,LI Anbei,LI Haihua and LI Na.Air Flow Model and Water Vapor Transport Characteristics of Two Extreme Rainstorms in the Southern Edge of Taklimakan Desert[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2022,16(6):1-10. |
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| Authors: | LI Ruqi LI Anbei LI Haihua and LI Na |
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| Institution: | Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi,830002;China,Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi,830002;China,Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi,830002;China,Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi,830002;China |
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| Abstract: | Using hourly precipitation data of regional automatic stations, GPS/MET atmospheric precipitable water data and the FNL 0.25 °× 0.25 ° reanalysis data of NCEP / NCAR, the circulation and vapor characteristics of two rainstorm processes in Hotan district on the southern edge of Taklimakan Desert are analyzed, and the influence factors of extreme rainstorm are revealed. The results show that the circulation configuration in the rainstorm on the southern edge of the desert conforms to the "three branch air flow" model, and the intensities of the upper jet, the mid-level southerly wind, and the low-level convergence shear are positiveScorrelation with the precipitation. When the upper layer is a subtropical trough developed by the polar vortex directly extending to Central Asia, the middle layer has a strong southerly or southwest airflow in the front of the cyclone, and the lower layer has a strong convergence between the easterly jet and the westerly jet. The water vapor source, transport path, vapor content and saturated layer thickness are correlate with the precipitation the rainstorm in the southern edge of the desert. The vapor source of the rainstorm is generally Europe and the Arctic Ocean. The water vapor input in the precipitation area is mainly in the middle and low layers, the specific humidity of the lower layer is more than 6 g?kg-1, and the saturated layer is more than 700 hPa. When the water vapor in the middle and upper layers transported by the southerly wind from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is mixed, the specific humidity of the lower layer reaches more than 8 g?kg-1 and the saturated layer expands below 750 hPa, extreme rainstorms can occur. |
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| Keywords: | extreme rainstorm rapids water vapor revenue and expenditure air flow model south edge of Taklimakan Desert |
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