| 干旱胁迫对冬小麦水分关键期的生理特性和物质生产影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张继波,薛晓萍,李鸿怡,李楠,张磊,宋计平.干旱胁迫对冬小麦水分关键期的生理特性和物质生产影响[J].新疆气象,2019,13(3):124-130. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张继波 薛晓萍 李鸿怡 李楠 张磊 宋计平 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东省气候中心,山东省气候中心,山东省气候中心,山东省气候中心,临沂市气象局,山东 临沂,山东省农业科学院蔬菜与花卉研究所,山东 济南 |
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| 摘 要： | 以冬小麦品种“齐麦2号”为试材,在水分关键期(拔节期~扬花期),设计5个水分处理(T1处于适宜水平,T2、T3、T4、T5分别按照水分关键期常年降水量减少20%、50%、75%、100%进行一次性补水)和1个雨养对照水分控制试验,模拟研究不同程度干旱胁迫对水分关键期冬小麦光合生理特性、抗氧化酶活性及产量结构的影响。结果表明：轻度干旱胁迫会造成冬小麦叶片最大光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度降低,气孔限制值升高,气孔因素是导致冬小麦叶片光合速率降低的主要原因；而当干旱胁迫达到重度时,胞间CO2浓度升高,气孔限制值降低,非气孔因素是导致冬小麦叶片光合速率降低的主要原因。轻度干旱胁迫会使得冬小麦叶片SOD酶、POD酶、CAT酶活性显著升高,从而减轻MDA含量升高对冬小麦叶片膜系统的损伤,复水后抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量均可恢复至正常水平,而重度干旱胁迫下冬小麦叶片SOD酶、POD酶、CAT酶活性不同程度降低,复水后抗氧化酶活性及MDA含量均无法恢复至正常水平,抗氧化酶系统遭受不可逆损伤。此外,水分关键期干旱胁迫还导致冬小麦灌浆速率降低、不孕穗率升高,理论产量大幅降低。研究结论可为科学评估干旱胁迫对冬小麦生长发育及产量形成的影响提供理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 冬小麦 干旱胁迫 水分关键期 生理特性 物质生产 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/9/27 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/10/24 0:00:00 |
ZHANG Jibo<sub>1</sub>, XUE Xiaoping<sub>1*</sub>, LI Hongyi<sub>1</sub>, LI Nan<sub>1</sub>, ZHANG Lei<sub>2</sub>, SONG Jiping<sub>3</sub> |
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| zhangjibo,and.ZHANG Jibo1, XUE Xiaoping1*, LI Hongyi1, LI Nan1, ZHANG Lei2, SONG Jiping3[J].Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology,2019,13(3):124-130. |
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| Authors: | zhangjibo and |
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| Abstract: | Using the winter wheat variety "Qi Mai 2" as a test material, five moisture treatments (T1 was an appropriate level, and T2, T3, T4, and T5 were used for one-time replenishment in accordance with the annual precipitation decrease of 20%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in the critical period of winter wheat moisture.) and one rain-fed moisture control experiment were designed during the critical water period to simulate the effects of drought stress at different levels on physiological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity and yield structure of winter wheat during inflorescence. The results indicated that under mild drought stress the maximum photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of winter wheat leaves showed a decreasing trend and stomatal limit value showed an increasing trend. Stomatal limitations were the main reasons for the decrease of photosynthetic rate in winter wheat leaves. However, under severe drought stress, intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration showed an increasing trend and stomatal limit showed a decreasing trend. Non-stomatal limitations were the main reasons for the decrease of photosynthetic rate of winter wheat leaves. SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activity of winter wheat leaf were rising significantly in order to reduce the damage to the membrane system of winter wheat leaf due to the increasing of MDA content under mild drought stress. And antioxidant enzymes and MDA content could return to normal levels all after water treatments. And then under severe drought stress, SOD, POD and CAT enzyme of winter wheat leaf reduced in different degree and the antioxidant enzyme system of winter wheat suffered irreversible damage. Antioxidant enzymes and MDA content could not return to normal levels all after water treatments. In addition, drought stress resulted in the decreasing of grout rate and theoretical yield, the increasing of infertile ear rate during the critical water period.The conclusions of the study can provide a theoretical basis for quantitative assessment of the effect of drought stress during the critical water period on photosynthetic growth and yield formation of winter wheat. |
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| Keywords: | Winter wheat Drought stress Critical Water Period Physiological Characteristics Material production |
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