| 2018年山东一次极端暴雨的环境场特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 高晓梅,任广治,王向前,丛春华,邢立珠.2018年山东一次极端暴雨的环境场特征分析[J].新疆气象,2023,17(5):56-63. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高晓梅 任广治 王向前 丛春华 邢立珠 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室;山东省气象局 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41775044,41675046）；山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MD010)；华东区域气象科技协同创新基金（QYHZ201812）；山东台风与海洋气象创新团队（SDCXTD2021-2)；环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目（QYXM201707） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用多源气象数据资料，对2018年台风“温比亚”引发山东历史极端暴雨的环境场进行了研究。结果表明：（1）台风“温比亚”影响山东引起的前期强降水位于鲁南地区，主要为台风外围螺旋云系降水，19日白天至夜间是此次强降水主要时段，主要受台风和西风槽相互作用引起的，强降水落区主要集中于台风倒槽附近。（2）副高稳定少动、中低纬系统相互作用及低空急流的稳定维持是此次台风强降水的主要原因。（3）超低空急流相比低空急流对出现强降水更有明显的指示意义，其强度大小影响降水的强弱程度，且超低空（500 m以下）出现20 m?s-1以上的强风速对短时强降水有明显指示作用。低空急流指数对强降水出现特别是中小尺度强降水及雨强大小有一定预示作用。（4）特殊地形在此次台风暴雨中起了较大作用，地形的迎风坡效应在山地产生的强迫抬升作用及山脉阻挡引起的水汽在山前积聚等动力和热力共同作用触发湿对流是此次台风出现短时强降水的重要触发机制。（5）此次台风暴雨过程Q矢量散度负值的强弱对于未来6 h雨强大小有较好的指示意义。另外，此次台风特大暴雨与冷空气密切相关。
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| 关 键 词： | 台风 极端暴雨 低空急流指数 Q矢量散度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/1/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/4/6 0:00:00 |
Environmental Characteristics of Historical Extreme Rainstorm Caused by Typhoon Rumbia in Shandong Province |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong;Shandong Meteorological Bureau |
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| Abstract: | Based on conventional meteorological data,NCEP FNL data,wind profile radar data and the hourly data of automatic meteorological stations,the environmental characteristics of historical extreme rainstorm caused by Typhoon Rumbia from 17 to 20 August 2018 in Shandong Province from the aspects of atmospheric circulation,cold air,low-level jet and Q vector were analyzed..The results show that:(1)The early heavy precipitation was located in southern Shandong Province,mainly by the spiral cloud system in the periphery of typhoon,the main period was from the day to night on the 19th, mainly caused by the interaction between typhoons and westerly troughs, and the heavy precipitation area was mainly concentrated near the typhoon trough.(2)The stable and infrequent movement of the subtropical high,the interaction of the middle and low latitude weather systems and the stable maintenance of the low-level jet were the main reasons for the heavy precipitation.The favorable water vapor conditions such as thick warm cloud layer, large precipitable amount of the atmosphere,high specific humidity and water vapor flux convergence area were one of the reasons.(3) Compared with the low-level jet,the ultra-low-level jet had more obvious indication for the heavy rainfall,and its intensity affected the intensity of the precipitation, and the strong wind speed of more than 20m/s below the altitude of 500 meters had indication on the short-term heavy precipitation.The low-level jet index had predictive effects on the appearance of heavy precipitation, especially the small and medium scale heavy precipitation and the intensity of rainfall.(4)The special topography played a big role in the heavy rainstorm.The wet convection triggered by the combined action of dynamics and heat,such as the forced uplift of the mountain by the windward slope effect of the terrain and the accumulation of water vapor in the front of the mountain caused by the blocking of the mountain was an important triggering mechanism for the short-term heavy precipitation.(5)The intensity of negative -vector divergence can affect the rainfall intensity in the next 6 hours.In addition,The heavy rain was closely related to the cold air. |
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| Keywords: | typhoon extreme rainstorm low-level jet index Q-vector divergence |
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