| 广东前汛期锋面强降水和后汛期季风强降水特征对比分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 梁巧倩,蒙伟光,孙喜艳,张艳霞.广东前汛期锋面强降水和后汛期季风强降水特征对比分析[J].热带气象学报,2019,35(1):51-62. |
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| 作者姓名： | 梁巧倩 蒙伟光 孙喜艳 张艳霞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.广东省气象台，广东 广州 510640 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目41275053国家自然科学基金面上项目41505039公益性行业（气象）科研专项GYHY201506006广东省科技计划项目2017B020244002 |
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| 摘 要： | 应用近二十年的历史观测资料和EC再分析资料，对由锋面和季风槽两种不同天气系统影响下广东发生的两组暴雨过程的天气形势、降水/短时强降水落区及其对流活动和物理量特征进行了诊断分析和对比分析。结果表明:无论是前汛期锋面降水还是后汛期季风降水，珠三角（珠江三角洲）地区都是次中心，有大到暴雨量级降水。珠三角地区也是小时雨量≥50 mm的短时强降水高发区。前汛期锋面对流活动的抬升凝结高度约在900~850 hPa，南北方向的温度梯度提供了斜压不稳定能量，0~3 km强的风垂直切变使对流易于维持和发展；对流区有较强的水汽通量辐合；风暴相对螺旋度较大，对流的旋转性和沿着旋转方向的移动特征明显。相对而言，后汛期季风强降水对流凝结高度更低，对流活动具有正压的热带对流性质，可在弱的水汽通量辐合和垂直风切变环境中维持，但对流强度不如前汛期。以上结论可为同类天气的短期和短临主客观预报提供预报思路和依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 华南前汛期 华南后汛期 强降水特征 物理量分析 对比分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-03-02 |
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF FRONTAL RAINSTORM VS MONSOON RAINSTORM PROCESSES DURING THE APRIL-MAY-JUNE RAINING SEASON VS JULY-AUGUST-SEPTEMBER RAINING SEASON |
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| Institution: | 1.Guangdong Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou 510640, China2.Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, CMA, Guangzhou 510640, China |
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| Abstract: | Using historical weather data and EC reanalysis data, the characteristics of two kinds of rainstorm processes, one caused by fronts during the April-May-June (AMJ) raining season and the other by monsoon surges during the July-August-September (JAS) raining season, are contrastively analyzed. The results are shown as follows. The Pearl River Delta region was the subcentre of both types of rainfall. Most of the short-time heavy rainfall (more than 50mm per hour) occurred in the Pearl River delta. In the AMJ raining season, the lifting and condensation height of convection was between 900 hPa and 850 hPa, a north-south oriented temperature gradient provided the energy of baroclinic instability, and intense vertical wind shear at 0 to 3km made it easy for the convection to maintain and develop. There was strong convergence of water vapor flux in the area of convection. Relative storm helicity was large so that the convection rotated and moved towards the rotating direction. Relatively speaking, the lifting and condensation height of convection for the JAS raining season was even lower, with the convection being barotropic and tropical, and capable of maintaining in weak convergence of water-vapor flux and vertical wind shear, though it was weaker than that of the AMJ raining season. The conclusions above can be used as general foundations in the short-term forecasting and nowcasting of these kinds of weather. |
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