CFD simulation of airflow over a regular array of cubes. Part I: Three-dimensional simulation of the flow and validation with wind-tunnel measurements |
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| Authors: | Jose Luis Santiago Alberto Martilli Fernando Martín |
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| Institution: | (1) CIEMAT (Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology), Edificio 03, P1.09, Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Air flow inside an array of cubes is simulated. Cubes (edge length 0.15 m) are arranged in a regular array, separated by 0.15 m
in the streamwise and spanwise directions. Numerical simulations are performed based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations
(RANS), solved in a computational fluid dynamics model (CFD), with standard k–ε turbulent closure (two prognostic equations are solved for the turbulent kinetic energy k and its dissipation ε, respectively). Simulations are validated against wind-tunnel data using a technique based on hit-rate
calculations, and calculated statistical parameters. The results show that the horizontal velocity is very well modelled,
and despite some discrepancies, the model that fulfils the hit-rate test criteria gives useful results that are used to investigate
three-dimensional (3-D) flow structures. The 3-D analysis of the flow shows interesting patterns: the centre of the canyon
vortex is at 3/4 of the canyon height, and stronger downward than upward motions are present within the canyon. Such behaviour
is explained by the presence of a compensation flow through the side of the canyon, which enters the canyon from the upper
part and exits from the lower part. This complex 3-D structure affects the tracer dispersion, and is responsible for pollutant
transport and diffusion. |
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| Keywords: | CFD models Passive tracer dispersion Regular cubic array Street canyons Wind-tunnel validation |
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