The roughness of wind waves |
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| Authors: | N Maat C Kraan W A Oost |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), de Bilt, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, a new dynamic roughness equation for airflow over wind waves is proposed, based on relationships of dimensionless parameters and the 1986 HEXMAX field data. The equation can be considered as a modification of the Charnock formula. The data are also compared with the parameterizations of Toba and Koga, and of Hsu, and the consequences of the new equation for aerodynamic drag are discussed. In the new equation, the drag coefficient is expressed as a function of both wind speed and wave age c
p/u*. This testifies to the strong wave-age dependence of the drag, found in several experimental studies. It is also in good agreement with results of a theoretical model of the airflow-seawave interaction, proposed by Janssen (1989).Also: Dept. of Applied Physics, Techn. Univ. Delft, the Netherlands. |
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