The association of surface wind stresses over Indian Ocean with monsoon rainfall |
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| Authors: | J R Kulkarni Vinaykumar V Satyan |
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| Institution: | (1) Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, IN |
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| Abstract: | Summary Variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall is examined with respect to variability of surface wind stresses over Indian
Ocean. The Indian Ocean region extending from 40°–120° E, and 30° S–25° N, has been divided into 8 homogeneous subregions,
viz (1) Arabian Sea (AS), (2) Bay of Bengal (BB), (3) West-equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO), (4) Central-equatorial Indian Ocean
(CEIO), (5) East-equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO), (6) South-west Indian Ocean (SWIO), (7) South-central Indian Ocean (SCIO),
and (8) South-east Indian Ocean (SEIO). The period of study extends for 13 years from 1982–1994. Monthly NCEP surface wind
stress data of five months – May through September, have been used in the study. The spatial variability of seasonal and monthly
surface wind stresses shows very low values over CEIO and EEIO and very high values over AS, SWIO, and SEIO regions. On the
seasonal scale, all India summer monsoon rainfall (AISMR) shows concurrent positive relationships with the surface wind stresses
over AS, BB, WEIO, SWIO and SCIO and negative relationships with the surface wind stresses over EEIO and SEIO. The relationships
of AISMR with the surface wind stresses over AS and WEIO are significant at 5% level. The concurrent relationships between
monthly surface wind stresses over these 8 oceanic sub-regions and monthly subdivisional rainfalls over 29 sub-divisions have
been studied. The rainfalls over the subdivisions in the central India and on the west coast of India are found to be significantly
related with surface wind stresses over AS, SWIO, SCIO. Monthly subdivisional rainfalls of four subdivisions in the peninsular
India show negative relationship with BB surface wind stresses. May surface wind stresses over AS, BB, WEIO, CEIO and SWIO
have been found to be positively related with ensuing AISMR. The relationship with AS wind stresses is significant at 5% level
and hence may be considered as a potential predictor of AISMR.
Received May 21, 2001 Revised October 8, 2001 |
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