| 2011年中国气候概况 |
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| 引用本文： | 李莹,高歌,叶殿秀,陈峪,邹旭恺,艾婉秀,张培群,王朋岭.2011年中国气候概况[J].气象,2012,38(4):464-471. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李莹 高歌 叶殿秀 陈峪 邹旭恺 艾婉秀 张培群 王朋岭 |
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| 作者单位： | 国家气候中心,北京,100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部科技支撑项目（2007BAC29B02）和中国气象局气候研究开放实验室青年开放基金共同资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 2011年，我国气候总体呈现暖干特征。全国年平均气温较常年偏高0．5℃，为1997年以来连续第15个暖年；年降水量556．8mm，较常年偏少9％，为1951年以来最少。年内，我国未出现大范围持续性严重干旱和流域性洪涝灾害，低温冰冻和雪灾、局地强对流、热带气旋灾害较轻。但区域性、阶段性气象灾害频发。华北、黄淮出现近41年来最重秋冬连旱；长江中下游出现近60年来最重冬春连旱，6月旱涝急转，发生暴雨洪涝灾害；西南出现近60年来最重夏秋旱；华西和黄淮秋汛明显；华南南部10月发生较重暴雨灾害；强降水造成北京等大城市发生内涝；夏季南方大部持续高温，多地高温破历史纪录；台风纳沙、梅花影响范围广、致灾程度较重。2011年中国气象灾害为正常偏轻年份，直接经济损失偏多，死亡人数和受灾面积均为1990年以来最少。
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| 关 键 词： | 降水 气温 气象灾害 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012/1/19 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2012/2/24 0:00:00 |
Climatic Characters over China in 2011 |
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| LI Ying,GAO Ge,YE Dianxiu,CHEN Yu,ZOU Xukai,AI Wanxiu,ZHANG Peiqun and WANG Pengling.Climatic Characters over China in 2011[J].Meteorological Monthly,2012,38(4):464-471. |
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| Authors: | LI Ying GAO Ge YE Dianxiu CHEN Yu ZOU Xukai AI Wanxiu ZHANG Peiqun and WANG Pengling |
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| Institution: | National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081;National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081;National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081;National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081;National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081;National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081;National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081;National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | The general outline of China climate in 2011 can be characterized by words warm and dry.The annual mean temperature was 0.5℃higher than normal,which ranked the 15th consecutive warm year since 1997.The mean annual total precipitation over China was 556.8 mm,9%less than normal,which ranked the least since 1951.In 2011,there had no severe large-scale persistent droughts and basin flood disasters occurring in China,the losses related with low temperature and snow disasters,local strong convection weather,and tropical cyclones were less than normal.However,the regional and period meteorological hazards were abrupt and frequent in 2011.In early 2011,North China,Yellow River and Huaihe River Basin(Huanghuai) experienced the most serious autumn-winter droughts in recent 41 years.The Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River experienced the most serious winter-spring droughts in recent 60 years,and abrupt transition from drought to flooding appeared in June.The Southwest China experienced the most serious summer-autumn droughts in recent 60 years.The Huaxi(West China) and Huanghuai experienced the obviously regional distinct floods in autumn.The southern part of South China experienced comparatively serious rainstorm disasters in October.The heavy rainfall caused water logging and inundation in big cities such as Beijing during the summer and autumn.The persistent hot waves hit most parts of South China in summer,meanwhile the maximum temperature in multi-areas broke the historical record.The Typhoon Nesat and Muifa influenced wide areas in China and brought serious losses.In a word,the year 2011 has been a normal and relatively slight year in terms of meteorological disasters with relatively more direct economic losses and the least death toll and affected areas since 1990. |
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| Keywords: | precipitation temperature meteorological disaster |
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