| 全球海气系统年际和年代际变化的时空特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭燕娟,杨修群.全球海气系统年际和年代际变化的时空特征分析[J].气象科学,2002,22(2):127-138. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭燕娟 杨修群 |
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| 作者单位： | 南京大学大气科学系,南京,210093 |
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| 基金项目： | 《国家重点基础研究发展规划》G1 9980 4 0 80 0项目，国家基金 4 0 0 75 0 1 7项目的共同资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文利用从1950－1998年共计49年的马里兰（Maryland）大学全球海洋同化分析资料和NCEP全球大气再分析资料，分析了全球海气系统年际和年代际变化的主要时空特征，结果表明：1）全球上层海洋年际变化的主要模态是位于热带太平洋的ENSO模态，海洋年代际变化的最显著区域为南半球高纬度及中纬度海洋特别是赤道以外区域的热带东太平洋和大西洋；2）全球大气年际和年代际变化都主要位于中高纬度地区尤其是两极地区，在年际时间尺度上，气温异常和气压异常没有明显的对应关系，但在年代际时间尺度上，气温增暖（变冷）常常伴随着气压的降低（升高）；3）在年际时间尺度上，发生在中高纬度陆地地区的大气年际变化和主要发生热带海洋上层海洋年际变化没有一致性的内在联系，前者主要表现为大气的内部（浑沌）变化，而后者主要为热带海气相互作用产生的ENSO变化；4）在年代际时间尺度上，全球海洋大气系统大约在70年代前后，均一致性地经历了一次跃变，其结果是导致80年代以来，全球大范围地区（尤其是两极和西伯利亚地区）气温明显偏暖，赤道两侧的热带东太平洋、北美和南美西海岸、及非洲西海岸等海域海表面温度偏高，伴随着这种全球大范围背景增暖现象，青藏高原北部和格陵兰岛区域气温具有变冷的趋势，而南半球高纬度海域海表温度也表现为降低。
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| 关 键 词： | 海洋－大气系统 年际变化 年代际变化 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年6月8日 |
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERANNUAL AND INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS IN THE GLOBAL OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM |
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| Guo Yanjuan,Yang Xinqun.TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERANNUAL AND INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS IN THE GLOBAL OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM[J].Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2002,22(2):127-138. |
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| Authors: | Guo Yanjuan Yang Xinqun |
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| Abstract: | Temporal and spatial patterns of interannual and interdecadal variations in the global ocean-atmopshere system are documented in this study with two datasets (1950-1998) of the Maryland Ocean Data Assimilation (ODA) analysis and the NCEP/NCAR atmospheric reanalysis.The main conclusions are as follows. 1) Interannual variations in the global upper ocean are characterized by the ENSO mode located in the tropical Pacific,while the interdecadal variations are mainly confined to the high latitudes of the Southern Hemishpere and the off-equator tropical Pacific and Atlantic. 2) Either interannual or interdecadal variations for the atmosphere appear dominantly in the mid-to-high latitudes especially over polar regions,with interannually coherent,but interdecadally incoherent relationships between temperature and sea level pressure anomalies. 3) On the interannual time scale,the atmospheric variability existing in the mid-to-high latitudes seems not to be related to the tropical oceanic variability,since the former is chaos-related while the latter is ENSO-related. 4) On the interdecadal time scale,the global ocean atmosphere system coherently experienced a sudden change around 1970s,which causes a warming trend over the most of the globe in the air temperature especially over the two polar regions and Siberia,as well as in the sea surface temperature over the off-equator tropical eastern Pacific and the western coasts, however,a cooling trend in the air temperature to the north of Tibetan Plateau and around the Greenland,as well as in the sea surface temperature over the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere,since 1980s. |
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| Keywords: | Ocean-atmosphere system Interannual variability Interdecadal variability |
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