| 利用卫星微波观测亮温与云辐射模拟亮温的台风定位分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 毕明明,邹晓蕾.利用卫星微波观测亮温与云辐射模拟亮温的台风定位分析[J].气象科学,2022,42(4):457-466. |
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| 作者姓名： | 毕明明 邹晓蕾 |
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| 作者单位： | 南京信息工程大学 资料同化研究和应用联合中心, 南京 210044 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC1507004) |
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| 摘 要： | 极轨气象卫星S-NPP、MetOp-A和FY-3B上搭载的微波湿度计观测资料可以反映出台风周围水汽和云雨结构。本文使用权重函数峰值在800 hPa附近的微波湿度计通道观测资料和ERA5再分析资料全天空模拟亮温,以飓风Sandy和Isaac为例,对用方位谱台风中心位置定位方法得到的观测和模拟中心位置进行了比较。利用下午星S-NPP搭载的先进技术微波探测仪(Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder,ATMS)和上午星MetOp-A搭载的微波湿度计(Microwave Humidity Sounder,MHS)观测亮温得到的飓风Sandy(Isaac)中心位置与最佳路径平均相差35.8 km(32.9 km),但用ERA5全天空模拟亮温得到的飓风Sandy(Isaac)中心位置与最佳路径平均相差73.3 km(82.1 km)。若按照热带风暴和台风等级来划分,ATMS和MHS观测和模拟亮温得到的台风中心位置与最佳路径的平均距离对热带风暴分别是36.5 km和105.9 km,对台风分别是25.8 km和56.4 km。若用FY-3B搭载的微波湿度计(以MWHS表示)替换ATMS,所得结果类似。ERA5作为全球大气再分析资料的典型代表,用方位谱台风中心位置定位方法得到的台风中心位置误差较大的原因是ERA5再分析资料全天空模拟亮温在台风中的分布结构与观测亮温相差较大,而模拟亮温与冰水路径分布结构极为相似。研究对台风数值预报中的全天空模拟亮温资料同化具有一定的参考意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 卫星微波观测 全天空模拟 方位谱分析 台风中心定位 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/6/14 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/6/27 0:00:00 |
Analysis of hurricane centers determined by microwave observations and cloudy simulations of brightness temperature |
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| BI Ming-ming,ZOU Xiao-lei.Analysis of hurricane centers determined by microwave observations and cloudy simulations of brightness temperature[J].Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2022,42(4):457-466. |
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| Authors: | BI Ming-ming ZOU Xiao-lei |
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| Institution: | Joint Center of Data Assimilation for Research and Application, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China |
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| Abstract: | Observations of brightness temperature from microwave humidity sounders carried on polar-orbiting environment satellites S-NPP, MetOp-A and FY-3 B can reflect structural distributions of water vapor, cloud and rainband around hurricanes. In this paper, the brightness temperature observations were used at microwave humidity sounding channel with its weight function maximum located at near 800 hPa and the all-sky ERA5 reanalysis simulations. Taking hurricanes Sandy and Isaac as examples, the satellite observed and ERA5 simulated center positions were obtained by the azimuth spectrum hurricane center positioning method were compared. The average difference between the center position of hurricane Sandy(Isaac) and the best track is 35.8 km(32.9 km) based on brightness temperature observations from the ATMS carried by the afternoon satellite S-NPP and the MHS carried by the morning satellite MetOp-A, but as large as 73.3 km(82.1 km) based on the ERA5 all-sky simulations. For tropical storm, if grouped into tropical storm and hurricane intensity categories, the average distance from the best track determined by satellite observations and ERA5 simulations is 36.5 km and 105.9 km, respectively for hurricanes, they are 25.8 km and 56.4 km, respectively. If ATMS was replaced by FY-3 B MWHS-2, similar results were obtained. ERA5 is a representative global atmospheric reanalysis dataset. The reason for a relatively large error of the hurricane center position obtained by the azimuth spectrum hurricane center positioning method is that the structural distributions of the all-sky ERA5 brightness temperature simulations are quite different from the brightness temperature observations within hurricanes. In fact, the spatial distributions of simulated brightness temperatures are very similar to those of the ice water path. This research should be helpful to all-sky brightness temperature data assimilation for hurricane numerical prediction. |
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| Keywords: | satellite microwave observations all-sky simulation azimuthal spectral analysis typhoon center positioning |
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