| GIS支持下的西藏冰雹灾害风险评估模型 |
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| 引用本文： | 央金卓玛,列杰班宗,央金白姆.GIS支持下的西藏冰雹灾害风险评估模型[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(2):69-74. |
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| 作者姓名： | 央金卓玛 列杰班宗 央金白姆 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西藏自治区人工影响天气中心, 拉萨 850000; |
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| 基金项目： | 西藏自治区科技厅项目(GIS支持下的西藏冰雹灾害风险评估模型) |
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| 摘 要： | 本文以西藏地区的冰雹灾害为例,在充分分析西藏地区气候背景和经济环境的基础上,利用1981~2015年39个气象站冰雹资料研究了该地区冰雹的分布形成机制,根据灾害发生理论,从灾害发生的成灾环境、灾害发生的可能性、以及承灾体的易损性等三个方面选取了地貌、灾害频率、人口、社会经济的评价因子,应用聚类分析法建立了气象灾害孕灾背景,灾害危险性、承灾体易损性等数学模型;运用Map Info Professional软件,通过对属性数据库和图形数据库的操作得到各种灾害的孕灾背景、灾害危险性、承灾体易损性评价图层,再经过图层叠加、斑块合并以及等级划分等操作,得到各种气象灾害的风险分区。最后在Ma Info Professional软件查询功能的支持下,实现通过点击任意一个区域,显示该区域的冰雹灾害风险情况,对人影防雹作业将具有很强的指导作用,可为政府防灾减灾的决策工作提供必不可少的科学参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 西藏 冰雹灾害 评估 模型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-05-05 |
Risk Assessment Model of Hail Disaster in Tibet Supported by GIS |
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| Institution: | 1. Tibet Autonomous Region Figure Center, Lhasa 850000, China;2. Tibet Autonomous Region Lightning Protection Center, Lhasa 850000, China |
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| Abstract: | This article is take hail disaster in Tibetan for example,in the full analysis of Tibet regional climate background and economic environment,using the hail data of 39 meteorological stations in 1981-1981,studing the distribution formation and mechanism of hail in the region. According to the theory of disaster,choose the geomorphology,frequency,population and natural landscape from the disaster by environment,the possibility of disasters and the vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies three aspects. Using the clustering analysis method establish the mathematical model such as meteorological disasters subsequently background,disaster risk and the vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies. Using Ma Info Professional software,get the coverage of the meteorological disasters subsequently background,disaster risk and the vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies through the operation of the attribute database and graph database of various disasters. Repass layer operations such as overlay,merging,and patch hierarchies,finally get all kinds of meteorological disaster risk zoning. Finally under the support of Ma Info Professional software in query function,implementation to show the area of hail disaster risk by clicking on the area. The job has great instructive effect on figure hail proof,provide necessary resources of disaster prevention and mitigation work for the government. |
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