| 北京城市能见度及雾特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王继志,徐祥德,杨元琴.北京城市能见度及雾特征分析[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(Z1):160-169. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王继志 徐祥德 杨元琴 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国气象科学研究院,北京,100081
2. 国家气象中心,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文得到《国家重点基础研究发展规划》项目:首都北京及周边地区大气、水、土环境污染机理与调控原理(项目编号:G1999045700)资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 利用北京及市郊16个标准国家气候站的1980至2000年21年能见度与雾特征等资料,对北京及周边地区的能见度和雾特征及其演变进行了研究结果表明,近20年北京能见度的变化存在显著季节性差异.近20年来,北京市区能见度冬季和夏季呈两种不同的变化.冬季能见度有转好趋势,夏季,80年代以来,北京市城区海淀、京西门头沟、石景山、丰台等地、北部及东部等地能见度有逐年转差趋势,冬季和夏季能见度距平呈反位相变化. 近十年上述能见度转差地带,雾日也是增加的.20世纪的最后10年与80年代开始的10年相比,夏季7、8、9月份北京城市和郊区的雾日有显著增加.雾日的高峰值出现在以海淀区为中心的北京城区的全境,包括京西的石景山、丰台、门头沟等地;另一个雾日数高峰区位于北京东部地区.北京夏季雾增加与能见度减低的地区分布趋于一致可能与北京特殊的"马蹄形"大尺度地形堆积影响有关. 尺度过滤分析研究表明,夏季,从北京城区向东南方向伸展至河北一带地区,有个显著的带状能见度减弱区.这个能见度减弱带与尺度分离揭示的城区内更小尺度的雾增大特征现象有关,有可能与最近10年北京以南地区其他的工业排放或污染源对北京的输送及城市发展变化有一定关系,即与大气气溶胶分布和北京特定的气象条件和城市变化状况有关.
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| 关 键 词： | 北京城市 能见度与雾 十年变化 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年8月4日 |
A STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN VISIBILITY AND FOG IN BEIJING AND THE SURROUNDING AREA |
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| Wang Jizhi,Xu Xiangde,YangYuanqin.A STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN VISIBILITY AND FOG IN BEIJING AND THE SURROUNDING AREA[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2002,13(Z1):160-169. |
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| Authors: | Wang Jizhi Xu Xiangde YangYuanqin |
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| Institution: | Wang Jizhi 1) Xu Xiangde 1) YangYuanqin 2) 1) |
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| Abstract: | The characteristics of urban visibility and fog in Beijing and its surroundings are analyzed by using the data from 16 standard climatic stations for 40 years (1980 through 2000). Results indicate that an obvious seasonal difference of visibility changes is found in Beijing. The seasonal trends of visibility change are found in recent 20 years in Beijing and its outskirts. The visibility is getting better in winter, but a worse trend of visibility is observed in summer at the central part of city, Mentougou, Shijingshan, Fengtai, and Fanfshan districts, as well as the northern and eastern parts of Beijing since 1980s. Opposite anomalies of visibility for winter and summer are found. In the areas with low visibility mentioned above, the increasing of fog days is also found. Comparing the numbers of 10 year average fog days in Beijing between 1980s and 1990s, a raising trend in Beijing and the surrounding areas is evident in summer (July, August and September). The peak of fog days is in the central part of Beijing, centered at Haidian, as well as Mentougou, Shijingshan, and Fengtai districts. It is very important to pay more attention to the effect of the urban heat island due to economic development for such a big city like Beijing in recent years. Another peak area of fog days is in the eastern part of Beijing. The area with increasing fog days is consistent with the areas with decreasing visibility, which is corresponding to the effect of the "horse hoof" like large scale topography in summer. By using scale filtration methods, an area with low visibility extending toward southeast is found. It may be caused by other industry pollution sources. |
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| Keywords: | Beijing Visibility Fog 10 year change |
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