| 气象因素对标枪成绩的影响分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 肖风劲,张强,叶殿秀.气象因素对标枪成绩的影响分析[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(Z1):60-64. |
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| 作者姓名： | 肖风劲 张强 叶殿秀 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国气象局国家气候中心气候系统研究开放实验室,北京,100081 |
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| 摘 要： | 气象条件对体育比赛有着重要的作用,温度、湿度、降水、风等各种气象因素对体育比赛项目都会产生一定的影响。使用自20世纪80年代以来国内外有关气象条件对标枪项目的影响、标枪训练与投掷的技术标准、标枪项目的生物力学等方面的文献资料和有关标枪风洞实验的有关数据,重点分析了风力和风向对标枪投掷的影响。结果表明:在风速较小(顺风和侧风时风速小于6 m/s,在逆风时风速小于3 m/s)的情况下,一定的风速使标枪的飞行距离稍有增加,当风速超过6 m/s以后,飞行距离随风速的加大而减少。另外,气温和湿度对标枪运动的影响主要是在对运动员的身体状态方面,表现为对运动员的心理和生理的影响,影响运动员水平的发挥,降水、大雾等则表现为能见度差,造成比赛中止甚至取消。
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| 关 键 词： | 气象因素 风 标枪 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005年10月9日 |
Influences of Meteorological Factors on Javelin Flight |
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| Xiao Fengjin,Zhang Qiang,Ye Dianxiu.Influences of Meteorological Factors on Javelin Flight[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2006,17(Z1):60-64. |
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| Authors: | Xiao Fengjin Zhang Qiang Ye Dianxiu |
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| Abstract: | Meteorological conditions such as temperatures,moistures,rainfalls and winds have great impacts on sports,especially outdoor sports.It is important for track and field sports games,not only for physical changes,but also for athlete's psychological and physiological status.The meteorological conditions have advantages and disadvantages on sports,but the disadvantages are the major factors.In all meteorological elements,including air pressure,air temperature,wind,rainfall and fog,the literatures and experiences indicate that wind is the most important meteorological factor,and then are air temperature,rainfall,fog,and air pressure in turn.Javelin is one of the sports that are sensitive to winds,winds have a strong impact on javelin flight distance.Javelin is an item of light instrument and complex techniques in field sports.The javelin achievement(distance) is determined by the following three factors: the initial conditions of the javelin flight,e.g.,the javelin(athlete's) physical strength,the skills and techniques;the aerodynamic performance of the javelin like the shape,weight,center of gravity,center of area,and inertia of javelin;the meteorological factors,including wind,rainfall,air temperature,air pressure and visibility.In order to find out how the wind affect the javelin flight distance and the magnitude,based on the data of aerodynamic experiments of javelins flight in a wind tunnel and the literatures of javelin since 1980s the impact of wind on javelin flight distance,the flight trajectory in wind of different direction are studied,the head wind,the tail wind,the side wind and the initial conditions are simulated and analyzed.The results show that while the tail wind and the side wind velocity is less than(6 m/s)(head wind velocity is less than 3 m/s),the javelin flight distance increases with the wind velocity,the wind is useful to javelin achievement;when the wind velocity is more than 6 m/s,the distance of javelin flight decreases with the wind velocity,the wind is a disadvantage for javelin achievement;as the wind velocity exceeds 16 m/s,the javelin distance decrease sharply with the velocity.The optimum release angle in different wind is also analyzed,this will help athletes improve the javelin flight distance.In additional,influences of the temperature,the moisture and the rainfall on javelin flight are also briefly analyzed and discussed,they also have impacts on javelin athlete's psychological and physiological states,and further affect javelin flight distance.Furthermore,the heavy rain,dense fog,strong wind and other severe meteorological conditions will stop or cause the cancellation of the sport game. |
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| Keywords: | meteorological factors wind javelin |
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