| 春玉米穗分化期低温对产量构成因素的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭春明,任景全,曹铁华,徐晨,李建平,曲思邈.春玉米穗分化期低温对产量构成因素的影响[J].应用气象学报,2018,29(4):505-512. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭春明 任景全 曹铁华 徐晨 李建平 曲思邈 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.吉林省气象科学研究所, 长春 130062 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201206018），吉林省重点科技攻关项目（20150204014NY） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探讨低温冷害对东北地区春玉米的影响，确定障碍型冷害对春玉米生育的影响程度，2015年以郑单958玉米品种为试验材料，利用人工气候室模拟低温（13℃，15℃，17℃）研究穗分化期（前期、中期、后期）春玉米产量构成因素和光合特性的影响。结果表明:春玉米在穗分化期受不同低温影响后，观测到的产量构成因素和光合特性的变化趋势相似；与对照相比，低温处理后，春玉米穗长和穗粒数显著减少、穗粒重显著降低，且温度越低，持续时间越长，影响越重；穗粗和百粒重变化不显著；穗分化前期低温对春玉米穗粒数影响最重，中期次之，后期较小；低温处理后春玉米叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率均显著降低；穗分化期春玉米遭受障碍型低温冷害造成穗粒数减少是减产的主要原因。研究结果可为春玉米障碍型低温冷害影响评估提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 春玉米 低温 穗分化 产量构成因素 光合特性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/2/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/5/21 0:00:00 |
Effects of Low Temperature During Ear Differentiation Stage on Yield Components of Spring Maize |
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| Guo Chunming,Ren Jingquan,Cao Tiehu,Xu Chen,Li Jianping and Qu Simiao.Effects of Low Temperature During Ear Differentiation Stage on Yield Components of Spring Maize[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2018,29(4):505-512. |
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| Authors: | Guo Chunming Ren Jingquan Cao Tiehu Xu Chen Li Jianping and Qu Simiao |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province, Changchun 1300622.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 1300333.College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 |
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| Abstract: | Low temperature and cold damage are the main agrometeorological disasters which affects the spring maize in Northeast China. The response of spring maize to low temperature and cold damage is investigated, and the influence level of the obstacle type of low temperature on spring maize breeding is confirmed. Selecting Zhengdan958 species of spring maize, artificial climate laboratory is used to simulate low temperature environment as 13℃(T1), 15℃(T2) and 17℃(T3), and effects of low temperature on yield components and photosynthetic rate in the ear differentiation stage(early stage, middle stage, late stage) of spring maize are studied. Results show that yield components and photosynthetic characteristics change with similar trends after being affected by different low temperatures during the ear differentiation stage. Compared with control check, there is no significant change in ear diameter and 100-grain weight under low temperature treatment, while the ear length and the kernel numbers per panicle decreased significantly, and the weight of the panicle also has a significantly reduction. Lower temperature and longer duration lead to heavier effects. Effects of low temperature during the early stage on the kernel numbers per panicle are the heaviest, lower during middle stage and the much weaker during late stage. During the early ear differentiation stage, compared with control check, the kernel numbers per panicle are reduced significantly by 28.5%, 28.4%, 16.5%, and the weight of the panicle decrease significantly by 31.5%, 29.4%, 21.1% under T1, T2 and T3 in three days. The kernel numbers per panicle are reduced significantly by 36%, 36.6%, 28.8%, and the weight of the panicle decrease significantly by 38%, 35.8%, 23.9% in five days. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of leaves decrease significantly under low temperature. During the early ear differentiation stage, compared with control check, the net photosynthetic rate decrease by 36.2%, 26.5%, 24.4% under the treatment of T1, T2 and T3 in three days, and the net photosynthetic rate decrease by 63.8%, 53.3% and 47.1% in five days. The decrease of kernel numbers per panicle in spring maize caused by low temperature during the ear differentiation stage is the main cause of the yield reduction. One of the factors leading to the decrease of net photosynthetic rate is the restrictive effect of stoma of spring maize. Results above can be used as a reference for evaluating the impact of low temperature and cold damage on spring maize. |
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| Keywords: | spring maize low temperature ear differentiation yield components photosynthetic characteristics |
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