| 涝渍对夏花生光合特性及产量影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 马青荣,左璇,胡程达,成林,李彤霄.涝渍对夏花生光合特性及产量影响[J].应用气象学报,2021,32(4):479-490. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马青荣 左璇 胡程达 成林 李彤霄 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室, 郑州 450003 |
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| 摘 要： | 夏花生常因汛期雨水偏多形成涝渍灾害而减产，探索不同耕作方式下涝渍持续日数对花生光合特性及产量的影响，可为花生涝渍动态监测评估和农业防灾减灾提供参考。选择2019年、2020年每年6—9月，在花生主产区河南驻马店土壤质地为粘土的大田平作、垄作方式下，以豫花22为试验材料，将花生产量形成过程分前期、中期、后期3个时段，分别设计3 d，5 d，7 d，9 d灌水处理。结果表明:相同过程灌水量条件下，垄作比平作涝渍持续日数减少1~5 d，其中淹涝日数偏少3~5 d；3 d灌水处理的涝渍持续日数4~5 d，叶绿素含量和净光合速率等光合参数呈正效应造成茎叶干物质积累增加；各时段涝渍影响均随持续日数的增加而加重，除百仁重涝渍影响表现为中期最大、前期次之、后期最小，其他均为前期最大、中期次之、后期最小；各处理水平涝渍持续日数4~16 d，光合参数影响幅度为1.3%~64.2%，生物量和产量影响幅度为0.6%~44.9%；垄作花生与平作花生相比，因涝渍持续日数减少而使灾害影响减小，前期各处理花生产量减少灾损达3.4%~11.6%。
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| 关 键 词： | 夏花生 涝渍 耕作方式 光合特性 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-25 |
Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Peanut |
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| Institution: | 1.CMA·Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique, Zhengzhou 4500032.Henan Institute of Meteorological Science, Zhengzhou 4500033.Henan Climate Center, Zhengzhou 450003 |
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| Abstract: | Yield of summer peanut is often reduced due to waterlogging caused by excessive rainfall in flood season. Exploring the effects of waterlogging duration under different cultivation pattern on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut can provide scientific and technological support for dynamic monitoring, evaluation of waterlogging process, disaster prevention and mitigation. Field experiment is carried out in main peanut production area with clay soil. Peanut variety Yuhua 22 is used in field experiment under flat and ridge cultivation patterns. The yield formation process of peanut is divided into three stages: Early, middle and late, and four irrigation treatments (3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 9 days) are designed in these stages. In flat pattern, the depth of water in field is no less than 2 cm during irrigation, and the daily irrigation amount of ridged plots is consistent with that of flat plots. The results show that under the same irrigation amount, the waterlogging lasting days of ridge pattern are reduced by 1 to 5 days, and the flooding days are reduced by 3 to 5 days. The waterlogging duration is 4 to 5 days in 3 days irrigation treatment. Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate show positive effects, resulting in the increase of dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves. The effects of waterlogging in all stages increase with waterlogging duration, but it has little effect in late stage because of the slow growth of peanut itself. For the 100-seed weight, the effects of heavy waterlogging are most significant in the middle period, followed by the early period, and then the late period. While for other factors, the effects are most significant in the early period. The waterlogging duration in all treatments is between 4 days and 16 days. The effects range from 1.3% to 64.2% on photosynthetic parameters and from 0.9% to -44.9% on biomass and yield. Compared with flat pattern, ridge pattern has less effects due to the decrease of waterlogging duration. The peanut yield loss of each treatment ranges from 3.4% to 11.6% in early stage, and from 1.2% to 6.9% in middle stage. The experiments take possible waterlogging lasting days in peanut production and two different cultivation patterns (flat and ridge) into consideration reasonably. The results are of great significance to enhance the capacity of disaster prevention and mitigation in peanut production. |
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