| 台风温比亚(1818)降水及环境场极端性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨舒楠,端义宏.台风温比亚(1818)降水及环境场极端性分析[J].应用气象学报,2020,31(3):290-302. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨舒楠 端义宏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.国家气象中心, 北京 100081 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用多种观测及分析资料对台风温比亚（1818）暴雨过程的降水演变、极端降水特点及环境场物理量特征等进行分析。此次台风暴雨日降水量极端性显著，降水主要分为登陆前后、深入内陆并转向以及冷空气作用和变性3个阶段，其中第2阶段为最强降水时段。受其影响，河南、山东等地多个站点的日降水量突破历史极值。温比亚（1818）最大小时降水量达127.7 mm，其中74个站点小时降水量超过80 mm，短时强降水维持时间长达14 h，高降水效率及长持续时间造成极端降水。对流层中、低层存在标准化异常小于-4倍标准差的异常低压环流，造成极端低层辐合，叠加高空急流和高压边缘的极端高空辐散，动力条件极端性显著，200 hPa辐散和850 hPa辐合均接近或远超1988—2017年日降水量排名前30（HT30）降水日的最大值。受台风东侧水汽输送影响，降水区假相当位温、整层大气可降水量和水汽通量散度无论与气候态相比，还是与HT30降水日相比，均具有显著极端性，且极端水汽维持时间长达30 h。
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| 关 键 词： | 台风降水 极端性降水 极端水汽 标准化异常 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-04 |
Extremity Analysis on the Precipitation and Environmental Field of Typhoon Rumbia in 2018 |
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| Institution: | 1.National Meteorological Center, Bejing 1000812.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Bejing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | Using a variety of observational and analytical data, the evolution of heavy precipitation, features of extreme precipitation and physical characteristics of environmental field causing extreme precipitation of Typhoon Rumbia in 2018 are analyzed. Obvious extremity can be seen with the daily rainfall at many national observational stations breaking historic records. The rainstorm process of Typhoon Rumbia can be divided into three stages: Landing, moving further inland and turning, and extratropical transition due to cold air intrusion. In the second stage, the typhoon moves very slowly and the circulation of Typhoon Rumbia stays over Henan Province for very long time, which makes the second stage the strongest precipitation period. Influenced by Typhoon Rumbia, historical daily precipitation records of many national stations in eastern Henan, southwestern Shandong and northern Shandong are broken. The observed maximum hourly precipitation is 127.7 mm, and as many as 74 stations experience an hourly precipitation of more than 80 mm. Furthermore, short-term heavy rainfall feature is very obvious, for more than 14 hours, the hourly accumulated precipitation exceeds 20 mm. Influenced by both the high precipitation efficiency and the long duration, extreme precipitation happens. Due to the atmospheric circulation characteristics of Typhoon Rumbia, there is an abnormal low pressure circulation with the standardized anomaly smaller than -4 times climate standard deviation in middle and lower troposphere, which results in extreme low-level convergence. At the same time, extreme upper divergence, induced by the combined actions of both upper tropospheric jet and high-pressure edge, can be seen in upper level. Therefore, there are obvious extreme characteristics in dynamic conditions. Compared with top 30 precipitation days in recent 30 years, 200 hPa divergence and 850 hPa convergence of Typhoon Rumbia are either close to or far beyond the historical maximum. Substantial water vapor is brought and converged in the rainstorm area continuously through the water vapor transport belt on the east side of typhoon, resulting in an extreme water vapor environmental condition. Significant extremity can be seen in many moisture-related physical parameters, such as pseudo-equivalent potential temperature, atmospheric precipitable water and vapor flux divergence, compared with both climatic mean state and historical heavy precipitation days in recent 30 years, and the extreme vapor condition lasts for up to 30 hours. |
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