| 内蒙古夏季典型短时强降水中尺度特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 常煜,马素艳,仲夏.内蒙古夏季典型短时强降水中尺度特征[J].应用气象学报,2018,29(2):232-244. |
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| 作者姓名： | 常煜 马素艳 仲夏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.内蒙古呼伦贝尔市气象局, 呼伦贝尔 021008 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国气象局预报员专项（CMAYBY2016-014），内蒙古自治区气象局地方标准预研项目（201805） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL分析资料、FY-2D逐时云顶亮温(TBB)资料、内蒙古地区自动气象站资料和闪电定位资料, 对2012—2015年内蒙古夏季37例典型短时强降水事件进行分析。结果表明:冷锋云系尾部、涡旋云系和暖湿切变云系中发展的中尺度对流系统(MCS)是造成内蒙古短时强降水的直接影响系统, 短时强降水发生在MCS发展或成熟阶段, 而且位于TBB梯度密集区MCS移出区域靠近干冷空气侵入一侧。自动气象站观测到的中气旋、中低压以及中小尺度气旋式辐合风场和切变线诱发MCS发展, MCS发展到成熟阶段地闪密度达到最大值, 地闪密度值较高对应的MCS面积扩展率也较大。内蒙古西部和中部偏北地区短时强降水发生前3 h相对湿度达到60%~80%, 但其余地区相对湿度基本为80%~90%, 温度锋区浅薄冷空气是触发MCS发生发展的关键因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 短时强降水 中尺度对流系统 地闪密度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/7/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/1/26 0:00:00 |
Meso-scale Characteristics of Typical Summer Short-time Strong Rainfall Events in Inner Mongolia |
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| Chang Yu,Ma Suyan and Zhong Xia.Meso-scale Characteristics of Typical Summer Short-time Strong Rainfall Events in Inner Mongolia[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2018,29(2):232-244. |
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| Authors: | Chang Yu Ma Suyan and Zhong Xia |
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| Institution: | 1.Hulun Buir Meterological Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hulun Buir 0210082.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Meteorological Observatory, Hohhot 010051 |
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| Abstract: | Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is in the northern frontier of China, where characteristics of short-time strong rainfall events(STSRE) are spatially small-scale and abrupt, and it is easy to cause urban waterlogging and local floods. Especially, the STSRE below 20 mm per hour could cause disaster in the west of Inner Mongolia. In the forecast operation, it''s found that the combination of wind field data, sea-level pressure of automatic weather stations, and lighting data could capture meso-micro scale information that triggers the development of the mesoscale convective system(MCS). Meso-scale characteristics near ground layer over MCS is related to STSRE, such as meso-cyclone or medium low pressure. Using conventional observations, global analysis data by National Centers for Environment Prediction(NCEP), black body temperature(TBB) data of FY-2D, automatic weather station data and lighting data of Inner Mongolia, 37 STSRE are analyzed from 2012 to 2015 in summer over Inner Mongolia. In west region of Inner Mongolia, synoptic scale patterns that cause STSRE are low vortex or low trough at 500 hPa, which interact with Indian vortex(Plateau vortex, Sichuan vortex or northwest vortex) at 700 hPa, and the Western Pacific subtropical high or typhoon. But in the east region, synoptic scale patterns that cause STSRE are either low vortex or low trough, or the interaction of low vortex or low trough with the Western Pacific subtropical high or typhoon. These synoptic patterns could both affect central region of Inner Mongolia. MCS occurs in the rear of cold front cloud system, vortex cloud system and warm-wet shear cloud system, is the direct inducement systems of STSRE. STSRE occur when MCS is developing and matured, and they appear in high TBB gradient areas where MCS moves out and cold air intrudes in. Meso-cyclone, meso-scale depression, meso-small scale cyclonic convergence wind field and mesoscale shear line are observed by automatic weather station trigger the evolution of MCS. The developing MCSs above the meso-cyclone are elliptical, while MCSs induced by shear line are mostly band shaped, and most MCSs that develop in the synoptic scale vortex cloud system are banded or irregular. Cloud-to-ground(CG) lightning flashes density value reaches the maximum when MCS is developing and matured. The high value of CG lightning intensity is in accordance with the region of development and strengthening of MCS, too. In the western and central northern regions of Inner Mongolia, 3 hours before STSRE, the relative humidity is normally 60%-80% but in other regions it is 80%-90%. The cold air in the low troposphere is critical for the development of MCS. |
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| Keywords: | short-time strong rainfall MCS cloud-to-ground lightning flashes density |
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